**4. Conclusion**

These studies provide an insight into the utility of cross-reactive regents to understand the molecular genetics and genome biology of the goat and importance of dietary modulators as avenues for immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis in the goat. Treatment with probiotics, mushroom extracts, PAMPS and plant-derived PAMPS resulted in differential expression of genes related to TLR signaling and WNT signaling pathway. Greater insight is provided into goat molecular genetics and genome biology, conserved and novel genes and signaling pathways. Gene expression and modulation has implications for the design and development of innovative therapeutics. Novel goat-specific and conserved gene expression patterns have been identified and provide insight into the utility of genome analysis for the better definition of the mechanism of action of modulators of gene expression in the goat for improved production and welfare.
