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**Chapter 15**

**Provisional chapter**

**Characterisation of Goats' Response to Heat Stress:**

This chapter aims to review present knowledge about the effects of heat stress on goats, summarising what is known about its measurement, its impact on the performances of the animals, mainly milk traits, the physiological and genetic bases of the animals' response and the improvement of resilience through selection. A short historic review of the climatic indexes used to measure heat stress, with special emphasis on the temperature humidity indexes, and the main consequences on milk yield and composition are followed by a description of the results of experiments carried out to study the physiological and metabolic consequences of heat stress. The results of the quantitative analyses of the genetic bases of heat stress using norm of reaction models and of the application of omic techniques, particularly transcriptomic and genomic, to understand the complexity of the genetic background of animal's reaction to thermal stress, constitute the next points. The chapter ends treating the possible ways and difficulties of applying selection

**Keywords:** heat stress, physiological response, genetic analysis, selection for resilience

The extraordinary results obtained through artificial selection in all domestic animals had some undesirable side effects, such as low reproductive efficiency, increased susceptibility to diseases and higher sensitivity to sudden environmental changes [1]. In particular, artificial selection to increase milk yield has been proved to reduce heat tolerance in dairy cattle [2, 3] and dairy sheep [4]. Heat stress (HS) has also been proved to be one of the main causes of economic losses

**Characterisation of Goats' Response to Heat Stress:** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70080

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Tools to Improve Heat Tolerance**

**Tools to Improve Heat Tolerance**

Manuel Ramón, Antonio Molina, Clara Diaz and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Clara Diaz and Alberto Menéndez-Buxadera

Juan M. Serradilla, María J. Carabaño,

Juan M. Serradilla, María J. Carabaño, Manuel Ramón, Antonio Molina,

Alberto Menéndez‐Buxadera

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70080

to increase resilience to heat stress.

**Provisional chapter**
