**4. Key results**

subdoses, lack of execution of antibiogram, duration and frequency lower than the recom-

In accordance with the drug, like, for example, an antimicrobial, the phenomenon may involve the contamination of people with resistant microorganism through the intake of raw animal products, poorly cooked, non-pasteurized or without a proper inactivation of possible pathogens, and such risk is aggravated in human population with comorbidities, reduced immunological response and at risk, like for children, elderly, pregnant women, HIV carriers, people with transplanted organs and people who are subject to other continuous treatments

For example, albendazole is a trend-setting antiparasitic for the treatment of round internal parasites either in animals or in humans, but, through time, the antibiotics ivermectin had to be used as an antiparasitic in animals and nowadays is employed in humans. The recommended cut point of the fecal egg counting test to start a antiparasitic treatment was broadened, and this increase may make the maintenance of the usage of albendazole viable. Several reports show the use of ivermectin with power of influencing and modifying in an undesirable way the gene expression. Its effects in the long term in an animal, for human beings who

Goats and sheep are domestic animals that moreover contribute for people's nutrition all over the world, therefore they are part of the trophic food chain of human beings. However, mankind nowadays suffers from an outbreak of cancer, even though too little is known about what reasons led to that increase in the sudden incidence of cancer in the last few years. It is speculated that factors regarding industrialization, environmental and nutritional pollutants may have strong influence, and curiously all of them are connected to the animal food supply. The most substantial data discovered was the identification of the consumption of cow's milk. This habit was pointed out as one of the identified risk factors that contributed to the higher incidence of cancer when comparing the Asian human population who did not

The protective factor had that possibility due to the gene pool, but was disregarded after the confirmation that the incidence equates when a migration of that Asian population happens to Western regions where they had got into the habit of consuming milk and dairy products. This little-known fact is overlooked by professionals responsible for health, feeding and handling, as well as by animal breeders. Thus, feeding and the use of medicines for animals have a low validation of effects in the long term, either in the animals itself or in people that

The diet and the investment in animal's feeding is a factor that exerts a great financial impact in this activity, and one may add a great range of ingredients in animal's feeding without obtaining a validation of its effects, except the sieve of the animal itself in refusing to eat. There is also the possibility that the ingested feed by the animal cause an expected alteration in flavor/taste and strange odor in meat or in the milk for the person who will consume it (e.g. excessive use of sugar cane). Frequently the inclusion of those ingredients is reduced until is

accepted by the animal to make use of the cheap energy or fibers source.

mended according to the pharmacological basis.

consume milk and meat from those animals, rest unknown.

by immunosuppressants.

316 Goat Science

consume milk.

consume animal products.

Relevant therapeutic strategies qualitatively identified to small ruminants will be presented as the key results.

#### **4.1. Herd treatment with predefined protocols**

The simplest therapeutic strategies of immediate application, with low need of intervention of specialized work force, direct acquisition and generally without prescription, which contemplate the main solutions for caprine and ovine breeders were inspired in the theoretical utilization and practice of drainers (Léon Vanier) and biotherapeutics (Constantine Hering and Wilhelm Lux), developed, conceived and recently consolidated in Brazil. This new field is called, in veterinary medicine, as populational homeopathy and was designated by its creator, the Brazilian veterinary Cláudio Martins Real (1926-). The medicines can be administered to animals twice or three times a day in general, directly on the feed trough, at the customary feeding time, or mixed in the feed, or even in mineral salt. They can be administered directly in the animal's mouth in case there are a few animals or impossibility of including the necessary dosage in the intake routine.

Let us take a look at some examples:

• Control of verminosis in goats and sheeps: a general recommendation for all producers is to administer from 1 to 10 g of the commercial product feed trough, a daily dosage of 2–5 g per head is a customary recommendation. The beginning of a typical treatment starts with a higher dosage and, after 2–3 months, it can be gradually reduced. A high potential challenging situation can start with a total of 10 g per head, during the day, throughout 2–3 months, and slowly reduce until a cost-benefit of the desired effect is stabilized. The aforementioned experiment made use of individual administration outside the recommended protocol of the package insert because, even with the dosage of 2 g per animal a day, the frequency had to be modified for a daily oral administration, for 6 days a week, always skipping Sunday. Commercial medications that are associated to this solution for internal parasites: Verm 100, OvinoSigo, Fator Vermes® [12–14].

substitute the input, but rather increase the application interval gradually, increase the resistance capability of the animals to the effects of internal parasites, increase the challenge for internal parasites to remain alive and decrease the feasibility of reproductive ways of internal parasites. In the beginning of the rainy season and in the beginning of dry season, it is strategic to double the dosage for 1–2 weeks. This therapeutic modality depends on the dosage, therefore, when you notice that the challenged has increased it is strategic to increase the dosage per head, daily in two to three times. The higher the number of daily administrations the better; two are enough and in only one the assurance of consumption must be guaranteed, because there can be a lot of variation in the individual ingestion due to competition in the feed trough. The recommended availability of the size of the feed trough must be properly assured to the number of animals. For the daily total dosage, it can be considered the several ways of estimated administration of consumption orally, like addition in the feed, mineral salts and directly in the feed trough on the silage or feed. The powdered feed mixed specifically in the farm can be added in percentage value to the consumption according to the administration. Some pelletized feeds may contain oiliness enough to adhere to the means of the most used medicines (calcium carbonate or crystal sugar), however the inclusion of the formula before the pelletization is not recommended because it will certainly cause a loss of action due to the heating process higher

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The storage of the pure medicine, or of those that are mixed with mineral salt or feeding must be protected from higher temperatures (above 25–30°C). Sealed rooms without ventilation, vehicle or dumpster interiors exposed to the sun, proximity of strong electromagnetic fields may cause interferences, and these are easy to be avoided, because they are highly suspicious in terms of medicine inactivation. The availability in the mineral trough of exposed mineral salt to the sun does not prevent the functioning, but after the incidence of some rain washing it will have to be reoffered. After long periods of utilization, rarely the treatment effects may not be observed as if it had stopped, in these cases all you have to do is to suspend the medication for at least 2 weeks, use another drug, like, for example, instead of controlling internal parasites monitor stress, and then reintroduce the previous medication that had stopped working. These principles are applicable to all medicines of continuous use of populational homeopathy and the package insert may present different recommendations with each other,

The BioFAO methodology for animals – Self-organization Factor of the Biofield – was also developed in Brazil and evolved from the work of experts in human beings in a daily clinical practice by a doctor who worked in the beginning of her career as a unicist – Míria de Amorim. The application of this method in animals presents a differential among other therapeutic options with ultra dilutions, because it generally makes use of an application protocol of single day administration and with long intervals without the need of new intervention after the starting months of follow-up. As well as with other methods, it can be used in goats and sheep for breeding and pets, individually or collectively, but it demands the monitoring

of a qualified professional. An updated list of qualified professionals is available [16].

than 60°C in the extruder.

but all of them must work this way.

**4.2. Self-organization Factor of the Biofield**


The usage of this kind of ultra-diluted medications [12–14] is constant during a period of time, and, in this case, the most widely used explanation and easiest to understand is that, given the challenges that are always present in the system, for example, restraining, even partial, pressure regarding the production demand, higher animal density, dependence of human interference for feeding, water supply and sheltering concerning free wild life. The role of the medication could be explained, according to this theory proposed by the creator of the method in 1987, as a continuous counterbalance of those challenges that are imposed to each organization, that is, the reason why there is a general recommendation of 2 g per head daily, which in practice works very well and that may be suited to each situation. It will be possible to notice improvements in the reduction of the treated symptoms in up to 3 months.

The specific sporadic usage to act in phases of the productive system, for example, promotion of ovulation and embryo fixation, diarrhea in young animals, skin and metabolic temporary problems of the liver. For medications whose goal, for example, is to control internal parasites, mastitis, if applicable, and to minimize stress and increase the utilization of feeding, it is advisable to continuously use 2 g per animal a day (or even 1 g) than interrupting this therapeutic type. The progress of the time of use monthly and annually will show to the person in charge of the animals that they are progressively better, more resistant to the adversities caused directly or indirectly by the treatment modalities.

It is important to highlight that the reduction of endoparasitism will not prevent the need of usage of an antiparasitic like albendazole because the medication is not supposed to completely substitute the input, but rather increase the application interval gradually, increase the resistance capability of the animals to the effects of internal parasites, increase the challenge for internal parasites to remain alive and decrease the feasibility of reproductive ways of internal parasites. In the beginning of the rainy season and in the beginning of dry season, it is strategic to double the dosage for 1–2 weeks. This therapeutic modality depends on the dosage, therefore, when you notice that the challenged has increased it is strategic to increase the dosage per head, daily in two to three times. The higher the number of daily administrations the better; two are enough and in only one the assurance of consumption must be guaranteed, because there can be a lot of variation in the individual ingestion due to competition in the feed trough. The recommended availability of the size of the feed trough must be properly assured to the number of animals. For the daily total dosage, it can be considered the several ways of estimated administration of consumption orally, like addition in the feed, mineral salts and directly in the feed trough on the silage or feed. The powdered feed mixed specifically in the farm can be added in percentage value to the consumption according to the administration. Some pelletized feeds may contain oiliness enough to adhere to the means of the most used medicines (calcium carbonate or crystal sugar), however the inclusion of the formula before the pelletization is not recommended because it will certainly cause a loss of action due to the heating process higher than 60°C in the extruder.

The storage of the pure medicine, or of those that are mixed with mineral salt or feeding must be protected from higher temperatures (above 25–30°C). Sealed rooms without ventilation, vehicle or dumpster interiors exposed to the sun, proximity of strong electromagnetic fields may cause interferences, and these are easy to be avoided, because they are highly suspicious in terms of medicine inactivation. The availability in the mineral trough of exposed mineral salt to the sun does not prevent the functioning, but after the incidence of some rain washing it will have to be reoffered. After long periods of utilization, rarely the treatment effects may not be observed as if it had stopped, in these cases all you have to do is to suspend the medication for at least 2 weeks, use another drug, like, for example, instead of controlling internal parasites monitor stress, and then reintroduce the previous medication that had stopped working. These principles are applicable to all medicines of continuous use of populational homeopathy and the package insert may present different recommendations with each other, but all of them must work this way.

#### **4.2. Self-organization Factor of the Biofield**

aforementioned experiment made use of individual administration outside the recommended protocol of the package insert because, even with the dosage of 2 g per animal a day, the frequency had to be modified for a daily oral administration, for 6 days a week, always skipping Sunday. Commercial medications that are associated to this solution for

• Hoof problems: commercial medications associated with Homeopathy for Herd of the veterinary medicine that may be used for caprine and ovine with official record of the benchmark Brazilian industries: Foot 100, CascSigo, Fator Casco®, Fator Diartro® [12–14].

• Mastitis: Mast 100, Mastisigo, Fator M&P Pó®, Dolisovet® intramammaire, PVB PHYTO-

• Reproductive system: Pró-Cio, Matrimax, Vigotonus, Embrioplus, FertSigo, SodoSigo, Fator Fértil Pó®; Fator Parto Pó®; Fator Cria Pó®; WOMBYL GA BUVABLE; PVB POUDRE

• Photosensitivity and skin: Figotonus, DermaSigo, Fator Hepa-Foto®, PVB ABCES GA

• Feed conversion and fattening: Convert H, Convert H Leite, EngordSigo Plus, Fator Pró

The usage of this kind of ultra-diluted medications [12–14] is constant during a period of time, and, in this case, the most widely used explanation and easiest to understand is that, given the challenges that are always present in the system, for example, restraining, even partial, pressure regarding the production demand, higher animal density, dependence of human interference for feeding, water supply and sheltering concerning free wild life. The role of the medication could be explained, according to this theory proposed by the creator of the method in 1987, as a continuous counterbalance of those challenges that are imposed to each organization, that is, the reason why there is a general recommendation of 2 g per head daily, which in practice works very well and that may be suited to each situation. It will be possible to notice

The specific sporadic usage to act in phases of the productive system, for example, promotion of ovulation and embryo fixation, diarrhea in young animals, skin and metabolic temporary problems of the liver. For medications whose goal, for example, is to control internal parasites, mastitis, if applicable, and to minimize stress and increase the utilization of feeding, it is advisable to continuously use 2 g per animal a day (or even 1 g) than interrupting this therapeutic type. The progress of the time of use monthly and annually will show to the person in charge of the animals that they are progressively better, more resistant to the adversities

It is important to highlight that the reduction of endoparasitism will not prevent the need of usage of an antiparasitic like albendazole because the medication is not supposed to completely

improvements in the reduction of the treated symptoms in up to 3 months.

caused directly or indirectly by the treatment modalities.

internal parasites: Verm 100, OvinoSigo, Fator Vermes® [12–14].

• Diarrhea: Entero 100, EnteroSigo, Fator Infecções Pó® [12–14].

LAC SOLUTION BUVABLE [12–15].

CALCIQUE GA [12–15].

BUVABLE [12–15].

Pó® [12–14].

318 Goat Science

The BioFAO methodology for animals – Self-organization Factor of the Biofield – was also developed in Brazil and evolved from the work of experts in human beings in a daily clinical practice by a doctor who worked in the beginning of her career as a unicist – Míria de Amorim. The application of this method in animals presents a differential among other therapeutic options with ultra dilutions, because it generally makes use of an application protocol of single day administration and with long intervals without the need of new intervention after the starting months of follow-up. As well as with other methods, it can be used in goats and sheep for breeding and pets, individually or collectively, but it demands the monitoring of a qualified professional. An updated list of qualified professionals is available [16].

This therapeutic tool used seven dynamized minerals in a specific sequence of medicines: *Antimonium crudum*, *Kali carbonicum*, *Mercurius solubilis*, *Sulfur*, *Natrum muriaticum*, *Aurum metallicum and Ammonium muriaticum*. The establishment of those medications was inspired and has a connection with the ayurvedic medicine used in India. This protocol is capable of producing in the animals the phenomena described in Hering's Law of Cure, that is, they trigger a healing process individually. Due to the fact of the usage only of ultra-diluted medicines, it presents the same benefits with minimum contamination risks of animal products previously described. However, it is necessary to perform a professional follow-up to determine the proper potency to animals or to the herd, monitor the occurrence of symptoms, guide the person in charge in case of need regarding the conducts that are possibly needed, frequently re-evaluate the status of the animals and make news prescriptions according to the collected data.

in Rio de Janeiro according to standards of the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia, 3rd edition, by Alquiotupã pharmacy [17] which is the institution registered in medicines regulator local authority (Agência Nacional de Vigilânica Sanitária—ANVISA) and shipped with due

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The symptomatic treatment can be made with the choice of the medicines by the person in charge. Experienced people in the handling of ultra-diluted medicines may have access to information, which were learned under the professional guidance of specialized veterinarians during the development process of a productive system of family agriculture, organic, anthroposophic, among others. Another way to learn is cultural, with relatives, nowadays parents and grandparent's generation that made good use of the past, or even learned some guidance through books or with their own specialized doctors to treat themselves, their children and relatives in common and repetitive situations. There are courses for lay people to use ultra-diluted medications, and the safest way would remain in the symptomatic modality; however, there may be lack of some elements for a proper evaluation and complete exploration of the potential offered by the tools. The symptomatic use would be, for example, treatment for sneezes, diarrhea or inflammations, but that could prevent the animal of having access to a deserved care, even if conventional. The experienced person in charge, in these situations, must be aware and know how to recognize the threshold to take actions between attempting a treatment of initial symptoms with resolution and the actuation of a professional

care and diligence to Brazil and abroad through a qualified prescriber.

to assist his herd, either for treatments with ultra-diluted medications or not.

medicine is administered or places that depend on shipping by remote delivery.

Besides that, in a certain dairy herd in which there is relatively low turnover of animals and greater identification of individual behavior during the milking is very suitable for the determination of the most proper medicines for each animal, which can be used according to the complexist methodology together with the general for the herd, for that phase of the herd with the requested organization and handling. The most interesting phases of caprine and ovine may be: Dehorning, if necessary in caprine, separation of the mothers and weaning of

The complexist method means the use of more than one drug in a certain period of time for an animal, individually, or in a group of animals. The qualified specialized professional collects the detailed information and performs the procedure of repertorization before the prescription. It is the most widely used system in veterinary medicine with ultra-diluted medicines in the world, especially due to its higher latitude of action with a faster expectation of resolution by people in charge due to the current demands. This method can even use the repertorization procedure, which consists of a specific search with more details in the next topic. A farm may have a small medicine stock guided by the specialized veterinarian for usage in cases in which it is necessary an immediate and specific use. Situations like, for example, a deliver with difficulties or an acute inflammation of the mammary glands may get unassisted if identified in the evening, out of the working hours, in distant places of the places where the

**4.4. Multiple medicines prescribed by a professional**

**4.3. Symptomatic treatment**

The advantage of this method is that is dismisses the need of repertorization, which is done by traditional treatments with ultra dilutions. Therefore, the prescriber decides especially about the potency to be used and the necessary protocol repetitions, which can vary according to the purpose of the activity with animals, the age of each category, historic, risk of exposal to interference and evolution agents. Another great advantage of this methodology is the administration of the medication, because the protocol is done in one single day for all animals. The medication causes in the animals the cure process that will act in the subsequent months. After the animals receive the protocol, it is recommended the initial followup, with an interval of 3 months. According to the evolution, the prescriber will gradually increase the interventions interval. Between one prescription and another, the animals must have the confirmation on the interruption of the previous treatment for the beginning of the effect of the new protocol, and this procedure is quite simple and explained in the training program.

The restriction to this methodology is the usage in animals, or near them, of substances containing camphor, essence of eucalyptus or mint, because it is known that the direct contact or olfactory access to camphor and essence of eucalyptus are capable of interfering, with partial or total interruption of the healing processes. In a productive system in the field, the access to animals can be direct or indirect to those substances. The typical direct access would be the utilization of any topic medication with camphor or eucalyptus, ointment with camphor for wounds, or any topical anti-inflammatory, injectable or orally taken regarding these compounds. The indirect access would consist in a person that suffered a contusion, administered a topical product containing camphor for pain relief (e.g. pomades, gel, arnica gel with camphor) or for a wound and applied ointment and had access to animals. These medications generally cause a chilly sensation when in contact with the skin, and to avoid this negative interference, all you have to do is to ask someone not to use the medicine or not to have immediate access to animals to run an odor or chilly sensation test. The product can be removed with the use of soap and water and must be well rinsed.

In order to the veterinarian to qualify for the usage of the Self-organization Factors of the Biofield, a previous training is necessary to follow-up the evolution of the updates, in the recommended frequency of at least once a year, even if through the distance learning platform. The training can be obtained through the BioFAO Institute [16]. The medication is produced in Rio de Janeiro according to standards of the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia, 3rd edition, by Alquiotupã pharmacy [17] which is the institution registered in medicines regulator local authority (Agência Nacional de Vigilânica Sanitária—ANVISA) and shipped with due care and diligence to Brazil and abroad through a qualified prescriber.

#### **4.3. Symptomatic treatment**

This therapeutic tool used seven dynamized minerals in a specific sequence of medicines: *Antimonium crudum*, *Kali carbonicum*, *Mercurius solubilis*, *Sulfur*, *Natrum muriaticum*, *Aurum metallicum and Ammonium muriaticum*. The establishment of those medications was inspired and has a connection with the ayurvedic medicine used in India. This protocol is capable of producing in the animals the phenomena described in Hering's Law of Cure, that is, they trigger a healing process individually. Due to the fact of the usage only of ultra-diluted medicines, it presents the same benefits with minimum contamination risks of animal products previously described. However, it is necessary to perform a professional follow-up to determine the proper potency to animals or to the herd, monitor the occurrence of symptoms, guide the person in charge in case of need regarding the conducts that are possibly needed, frequently re-evaluate the status of the animals and make news prescriptions according to the

The advantage of this method is that is dismisses the need of repertorization, which is done by traditional treatments with ultra dilutions. Therefore, the prescriber decides especially about the potency to be used and the necessary protocol repetitions, which can vary according to the purpose of the activity with animals, the age of each category, historic, risk of exposal to interference and evolution agents. Another great advantage of this methodology is the administration of the medication, because the protocol is done in one single day for all animals. The medication causes in the animals the cure process that will act in the subsequent months. After the animals receive the protocol, it is recommended the initial followup, with an interval of 3 months. According to the evolution, the prescriber will gradually increase the interventions interval. Between one prescription and another, the animals must have the confirmation on the interruption of the previous treatment for the beginning of the effect of the new protocol, and this procedure is quite simple and explained in the training

The restriction to this methodology is the usage in animals, or near them, of substances containing camphor, essence of eucalyptus or mint, because it is known that the direct contact or olfactory access to camphor and essence of eucalyptus are capable of interfering, with partial or total interruption of the healing processes. In a productive system in the field, the access to animals can be direct or indirect to those substances. The typical direct access would be the utilization of any topic medication with camphor or eucalyptus, ointment with camphor for wounds, or any topical anti-inflammatory, injectable or orally taken regarding these compounds. The indirect access would consist in a person that suffered a contusion, administered a topical product containing camphor for pain relief (e.g. pomades, gel, arnica gel with camphor) or for a wound and applied ointment and had access to animals. These medications generally cause a chilly sensation when in contact with the skin, and to avoid this negative interference, all you have to do is to ask someone not to use the medicine or not to have immediate access to animals to run an odor or chilly sensation test. The product can be removed

In order to the veterinarian to qualify for the usage of the Self-organization Factors of the Biofield, a previous training is necessary to follow-up the evolution of the updates, in the recommended frequency of at least once a year, even if through the distance learning platform. The training can be obtained through the BioFAO Institute [16]. The medication is produced

with the use of soap and water and must be well rinsed.

collected data.

320 Goat Science

program.

The symptomatic treatment can be made with the choice of the medicines by the person in charge. Experienced people in the handling of ultra-diluted medicines may have access to information, which were learned under the professional guidance of specialized veterinarians during the development process of a productive system of family agriculture, organic, anthroposophic, among others. Another way to learn is cultural, with relatives, nowadays parents and grandparent's generation that made good use of the past, or even learned some guidance through books or with their own specialized doctors to treat themselves, their children and relatives in common and repetitive situations. There are courses for lay people to use ultra-diluted medications, and the safest way would remain in the symptomatic modality; however, there may be lack of some elements for a proper evaluation and complete exploration of the potential offered by the tools. The symptomatic use would be, for example, treatment for sneezes, diarrhea or inflammations, but that could prevent the animal of having access to a deserved care, even if conventional. The experienced person in charge, in these situations, must be aware and know how to recognize the threshold to take actions between attempting a treatment of initial symptoms with resolution and the actuation of a professional to assist his herd, either for treatments with ultra-diluted medications or not.

#### **4.4. Multiple medicines prescribed by a professional**

The complexist method means the use of more than one drug in a certain period of time for an animal, individually, or in a group of animals. The qualified specialized professional collects the detailed information and performs the procedure of repertorization before the prescription. It is the most widely used system in veterinary medicine with ultra-diluted medicines in the world, especially due to its higher latitude of action with a faster expectation of resolution by people in charge due to the current demands. This method can even use the repertorization procedure, which consists of a specific search with more details in the next topic. A farm may have a small medicine stock guided by the specialized veterinarian for usage in cases in which it is necessary an immediate and specific use. Situations like, for example, a deliver with difficulties or an acute inflammation of the mammary glands may get unassisted if identified in the evening, out of the working hours, in distant places of the places where the medicine is administered or places that depend on shipping by remote delivery.

Besides that, in a certain dairy herd in which there is relatively low turnover of animals and greater identification of individual behavior during the milking is very suitable for the determination of the most proper medicines for each animal, which can be used according to the complexist methodology together with the general for the herd, for that phase of the herd with the requested organization and handling. The most interesting phases of caprine and ovine may be: Dehorning, if necessary in caprine, separation of the mothers and weaning of caprine and ovine, mounting seasons, shearing, start or ending of the rainy season, slaughter, that is, alterations in the productive phase or general function.

archetype that the animal or certain herd is actually facing, therefore it is used preventively or in a healing way, but the historic of the health-disease process is important to determine the strategies of a treatment by the single medicine method. Even if a little bit usual from the perspective of people in charge of animals, the specialists believe that it might develop an even better job if the animals, individually or in herd could be followed-up as soon as possible, since the gestational process of the next generation or even being young. The observation of the behavior patterns, even if the animals are not ill, provides data for the specialized veterinarian that will be considered in repertorization. The previous treatment of the animal, did preventively, may increase its metabolic resistance, minimize the risk of getting ill and negative effects in case of an outbreak, and even reduce the use of work force and additional medicines. The establishment of a single drug by repertorization will need to interview someone that knows very well the animals, generally those who are in charge that directly handle them will describe differentiation details which are singular among the animals of a herd or from a herd to another. These people know the individuality and the behavior in details, besides the history of illness, if available. The repertorization is a procedure that in the old days was made manually by consulting a catalog of peculiar symptoms. These symptoms have a description in specific notation called repertorial language and may depend on the interpretation of a professional used to the described information. The inexperienced observer may not know the reality between the incidence of phenomena with animals, the repertorial language and

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Nowadays, there are several solutions in softwares that make faster the determination of a single drug, which have to be carefully evaluated by the attentive professional. The softwares may always bring the medicines with more cataloged symptoms in detriment of the others, preventing an eventual identification of a singularity. After the determination of some of the possibilities of more likely medicines, each one will be consulted in the description catalog entitled materia medica to confirm the previous results. This confirmation is qualitative, thus is subject to several opinions according to the experience or diversity of the collected reports in an opportunity to collect information. The medicines used in the unicist modality may be re-evaluated by the professional certainly much before judging by adjustments or mistakes; the process will have to evolve in order to guarantee that the animals have their needs met for its health and balance. The professional that follows-up this treatment will follow-up and give initial systematic feedbacks, when he or she will gradually increase the intervals between

Due to pressured and demands of today's world, the people in charge have requested treatments with fast responses, without feedbacks, with a low offer of tolerance regarding handling alterations or extra jobs beyond the current ones. Short-sighted solutions and those in the short term may be a practical ideal for people in charge of the animals, but not necessarily for them. Chronicle and long processes, regardless of used therapy, will demand financial and work force investments given the necessary attention of the issue. The exclusively unicist methodology used in veterinary medicine may have less supporters nowadays regarding the complexist methodology, but the repertorization procedure with the identification of the background medicine is extremely useful and remains being applied in both modalities.

its interpretation and mistakenly believe that a medicine is suitable.

appointments with the evolution stabilization.

This method, combined with the handling alterations has the potential to widely substitute the use of conventional medicines, allows a great use for collective occurrences, like common diseases in small ruminants, like mycoplasmosis, caprine arthritis encephalitis, lymphadenitis, behavior changes, among others. This is the most well-known methodology among specialized veterinarians and which has a worldwide availability, and it can be used in agroecological, organic and complimentary to anthroposophic systems, among many others. It can make use of more well-known medicines, less well-known medicines or even produce specific medicines for the herd from material collected from the own animals (biotherapeutic). In synergy with the usual or even conventional ultra-diluted medicines, the biotherapeutic can control and initially stabilize a disease process of the herd and can subsequently evolve and change according to the evolution and the safety provided to the animals. In case there is usage of conventional combined medication, the tools offered by the complexist method can slow the healing time for the animals, reduce the risk of recurrence of symptoms, increase tranquility and reduce stress normally present in the productive systems.

The purchase of the medication will depend on the offer and local legislation; there can be restrictions and more severe control for the application of medicines in animals that produce meat and dairy products. Several countries in Europe have access to medicines produced by Boiron Laboratory. In Brazil, there is a specific regulation for laboratories to manipulate homeopathic medicines for production livestock. However, since there is a tolerance that varies according to the region and city in the usage of manipulated medicines in drugstores for humans in big pharmacies for pet shops, it is common that this place is a reference site indicated by professional veterinarians that prescribe ultra-diluted medications.

#### **4.5. Single medicine personally prescribed by a professional**

The classic method is known by the use of only one ultra-diluted medicine per animal or for the entire herd in a certain period of time. The qualified specialized professional will collect detailed information and carry out the repertorization procedure before the prescription. This is the most traditional method of all methodologies with ultra-diluted medications, is detail oriented in the data collection for the execution of a repertorization procedure. The determination of the most adequate single medicine, also called background medication, among a great variety of medications, is imbued in the task of identifying the substance that will characterize another health-disease process of each animal or collectively of the herd as a living system. It is quite suitable for animals in expositions, competitions, animals that have a high zootechnical value and animals with narrower conviviality with human beings either in dairy production or as pets, and animals that participate in specific activities, like, for example, in goat yoga.

This methodology is considered a gold standard by many professionals of the classicist thinking, and the animals can make use of the same medication in several different potencies and frequencies according to the evolution of facts. The main objective is the determination of the archetype that the animal or certain herd is actually facing, therefore it is used preventively or in a healing way, but the historic of the health-disease process is important to determine the strategies of a treatment by the single medicine method. Even if a little bit usual from the perspective of people in charge of animals, the specialists believe that it might develop an even better job if the animals, individually or in herd could be followed-up as soon as possible, since the gestational process of the next generation or even being young. The observation of the behavior patterns, even if the animals are not ill, provides data for the specialized veterinarian that will be considered in repertorization. The previous treatment of the animal, did preventively, may increase its metabolic resistance, minimize the risk of getting ill and negative effects in case of an outbreak, and even reduce the use of work force and additional medicines.

caprine and ovine, mounting seasons, shearing, start or ending of the rainy season, slaughter,

This method, combined with the handling alterations has the potential to widely substitute the use of conventional medicines, allows a great use for collective occurrences, like common diseases in small ruminants, like mycoplasmosis, caprine arthritis encephalitis, lymphadenitis, behavior changes, among others. This is the most well-known methodology among specialized veterinarians and which has a worldwide availability, and it can be used in agroecological, organic and complimentary to anthroposophic systems, among many others. It can make use of more well-known medicines, less well-known medicines or even produce specific medicines for the herd from material collected from the own animals (biotherapeutic). In synergy with the usual or even conventional ultra-diluted medicines, the biotherapeutic can control and initially stabilize a disease process of the herd and can subsequently evolve and change according to the evolution and the safety provided to the animals. In case there is usage of conventional combined medication, the tools offered by the complexist method can slow the healing time for the animals, reduce the risk of recurrence of symptoms, increase

The purchase of the medication will depend on the offer and local legislation; there can be restrictions and more severe control for the application of medicines in animals that produce meat and dairy products. Several countries in Europe have access to medicines produced by Boiron Laboratory. In Brazil, there is a specific regulation for laboratories to manipulate homeopathic medicines for production livestock. However, since there is a tolerance that varies according to the region and city in the usage of manipulated medicines in drugstores for humans in big pharmacies for pet shops, it is common that this place is a reference site indi-

The classic method is known by the use of only one ultra-diluted medicine per animal or for the entire herd in a certain period of time. The qualified specialized professional will collect detailed information and carry out the repertorization procedure before the prescription. This is the most traditional method of all methodologies with ultra-diluted medications, is detail oriented in the data collection for the execution of a repertorization procedure. The determination of the most adequate single medicine, also called background medication, among a great variety of medications, is imbued in the task of identifying the substance that will characterize another health-disease process of each animal or collectively of the herd as a living system. It is quite suitable for animals in expositions, competitions, animals that have a high zootechnical value and animals with narrower conviviality with human beings either in dairy production or as pets, and animals that participate in specific activities, like, for example, in

This methodology is considered a gold standard by many professionals of the classicist thinking, and the animals can make use of the same medication in several different potencies and frequencies according to the evolution of facts. The main objective is the determination of the

that is, alterations in the productive phase or general function.

tranquility and reduce stress normally present in the productive systems.

cated by professional veterinarians that prescribe ultra-diluted medications.

**4.5. Single medicine personally prescribed by a professional**

goat yoga.

322 Goat Science

The establishment of a single drug by repertorization will need to interview someone that knows very well the animals, generally those who are in charge that directly handle them will describe differentiation details which are singular among the animals of a herd or from a herd to another. These people know the individuality and the behavior in details, besides the history of illness, if available. The repertorization is a procedure that in the old days was made manually by consulting a catalog of peculiar symptoms. These symptoms have a description in specific notation called repertorial language and may depend on the interpretation of a professional used to the described information. The inexperienced observer may not know the reality between the incidence of phenomena with animals, the repertorial language and its interpretation and mistakenly believe that a medicine is suitable.

Nowadays, there are several solutions in softwares that make faster the determination of a single drug, which have to be carefully evaluated by the attentive professional. The softwares may always bring the medicines with more cataloged symptoms in detriment of the others, preventing an eventual identification of a singularity. After the determination of some of the possibilities of more likely medicines, each one will be consulted in the description catalog entitled materia medica to confirm the previous results. This confirmation is qualitative, thus is subject to several opinions according to the experience or diversity of the collected reports in an opportunity to collect information. The medicines used in the unicist modality may be re-evaluated by the professional certainly much before judging by adjustments or mistakes; the process will have to evolve in order to guarantee that the animals have their needs met for its health and balance. The professional that follows-up this treatment will follow-up and give initial systematic feedbacks, when he or she will gradually increase the intervals between appointments with the evolution stabilization.

Due to pressured and demands of today's world, the people in charge have requested treatments with fast responses, without feedbacks, with a low offer of tolerance regarding handling alterations or extra jobs beyond the current ones. Short-sighted solutions and those in the short term may be a practical ideal for people in charge of the animals, but not necessarily for them. Chronicle and long processes, regardless of used therapy, will demand financial and work force investments given the necessary attention of the issue. The exclusively unicist methodology used in veterinary medicine may have less supporters nowadays regarding the complexist methodology, but the repertorization procedure with the identification of the background medicine is extremely useful and remains being applied in both modalities.

#### **4.6. Cancer symptomatic support prescribed by a professional**

Animals with a high zootechnic value or pets may demand treatment for an eventual incidence of neoplasia. All goats and sheep can have their neoplastic processes treated with ultradilution medicines; however the investment in this kind of treatment according to the activity regarding the animals may present a low cost-benefit due to investments. Besides that, the malignant neoplasia cases are considered incurable diseases and hard to be controlled, thus they will demand a different attention from the specialized veterinarian because it might require frequent follow-ups. Though, for animals with high zootechnical value, this reality can be feasible, because they are generally used for the collection of embryos, participation in expositions, storage of the genetic material *in vitro* of breeds and lineage at risk or little preserved, of high interest in terms of genetic material. Besides that, caprine and ovine taken as pets may have the desired treatment by personal interest due to emotional involvement factors, either in a family nucleus or in an institutional environment with specific interests. The cases of neoplasia must be followed-up by a qualified professional, and the ultra-diluted medications can increase the life quality, modulate the evolution of the tumoral processes and decrease the suffering of animals in many situations.

**Conflict of interest**

**Author details**

**References**

Silvio Leite Monteiro da Silva

tb02881.x/abstract

thy. Homeopathy. 2010;**99**(2):119-129

doi/10.1136/vr.104278

1447-1464

Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The author has no conflict of interest to declare.

Address all correspondence to: silvioleite@gmail.com

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-UNIRIO (Federal University of State of

Complementary Medicine with High Dilutions Strengthen Conventional Therapies and Health

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72415

325

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There are specific protocols committed with the treatment of neoplasia, however all of them must be supervised by an experienced professional in the field of neoplasia and ultra-diluted medications. Generally, there will be a reference persona round experienced in the use of those tools. Examples of used medications are some potencies of Iscador® (mistletoe or *Viscum album*) [18], treatment with the repertorization of neoplasia, biotherapeutic of neoplasia, self-organization factors of the Biofield in a differentiated way [19]. The protocols can be used in combination with conventional treatments. The treatment of an animal with neoplasia may need a multidisciplinary team, attention and full-time dedication, as well as the referred investments resulting from the necessary support.

#### **5. Conclusions**

The treatment of goats and sheep with ultra-diluted medicines is applicable and recommended for any activity regarding these species. People who consume and use animal products wish a reduction in the exposure to residues of any kind, and the treatments with ultra dilutions specially contemplate this demand. The breeders of goats and sheep that wish to improve and prevent diseases, with an increase in the life quality of the animals, regardless of the size of the herd, can use ultra-diluted medicines. The usage of ultra-diluted medicines for goats and sheeps may depend on a follow-up by a specialized professional (homeopathic veterinarian) according to the demand. Opinions and researches coordinated and guided by at least one experienced and qualified professional in the team in the use of ultra-diluted medicines may be considered with special regard. Promotional and research material done by people without a proper formation in this field must be considered with restrictions.
