3. Conclusion

was a significant reduction in hatching eggs Trichostrongylus, but was not observed for Haemonchus eggs. Natural products would be helpful to reduce the biochemical residues in fodders and forages of animal origin. The use of natural crops would further decrease the presence of chemical residues in foods of animal origin, mainly in sheep and goat. The diversity of the Brazilian flora allows for the possibility of utilizing various plant products to control parasitic diseases in livestock. A collective, systematic effort is necessary to incorporate functional or therapeutic foods into feed for small ruminants to control worm infections. Results suggest that Musa spp. has anthelmintic properties, as treatment completely inhibited Trichostrongylus colubriformis larval hatchability in vitro at two consecutive time points. The presence of tannins Musa spp. can promote the health of the animal. However, side effects are concentration dependent manner and extraction of these metabolites. Thus, studies are needed to define how to use, methods of extraction, analysis of secondary metabolites and dose in order to facilitate the use of these compounds in nematode control properties and, consequently, increase in the productivity of sheep industry. Therefore, bio panning of bioactive compounds and the development of an anthelmintic product containing condensed tannin would have great commercial potential [70]. Table 2 is the already provided best anthelmintics

Name of treatment Classes Description of classes

1. Benzimidazoles (BZ)

the herd

1. Vaccines

3. Avermectin/milbemycins (AM)

3. Keep resistant worms off the farm 4. Administer the proper dose:

5. Copper oxide wire particle boluses 6. Various genetic approaches

1. Copper oxide with Haemonchus

ability and efficacy 6. Split and repeat dosing

2. Nutritional supplement 3. Nematophagous fungi, 4. Bioactive forages,

1. Limit exposure to larvae 2. Good management

2. Imidazothiazoles/tetrahydropyrimidines (I/T)

2. Know the resistance status of the worms infecting

5. Utilize host physiology to maximize drug avail-

anthelmintics

2. Smart Drenching Different approaches 1. FAMACHA

Anthelmintics with other

remedies

Copper boluses Predatory fungus Good management

Table 2. Followings are the best treatment options of the parasitism in goat and sheep.

6. New drugs 1. Amino acetonitrile i.e., Monepantel-Zolvix

for the control of parasites.

1. Anthelmintics Three primary classes of

S. No.

302 Goat Science

3. Combination anthelmintics

4.. sound pasture management

5.. Novel non-chemical approaches

It is concluded that parasites pose a threat to goat. It is imperative to safeguard the goats and young kids what so ever the feeding/ grazing system is prevalent it must be vaccinated and dewormed regularly to avoid the helminths and protozoa prevalent in nature. The latest work which is aimed at search of phytochemicals which do not show any resistance against parasites in goat(s).
