Contents




#### **Section 2 Nutrition 37**


#### Chapter 7 **Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination in Goats 131** Bobwealth Oakina Omontese

Chapter 14 **Complementary Medicine with High Dilutions Strengthen Conventional Therapies and Health 309**

Chapter 15 **Characterisation of Goats' Response to Heat Stress: Tools to**

Molina, Clara Diaz and Alberto Menéndez‐Buxadera

Chapter 16 **Goat System Productions: Advantages and Disadvantages to the Animal, Environment and Farmer 351**

António Monteiro, José Manuel Costa and Maria João Lima

Juan M. Serradilla, María J. Carabaño, Manuel Ramón, Antonio

Contents **VII**

Silvio Leite Monteiro da Silva

**Improve Heat Tolerance 329**

Chapter 17 **Goat Farming and Breeding in Jordan 367** Ja'far Mansur Khalaf Al-Khaza'leh

Chapter 18 **The Goat Dairy Sector in Lebanon 381** Mireille Serhan and Jessy Mattar

**Section 8 Heat Stress 327**

**Section 9 Production Systems 349**

#### **Section 4 Milk Production 141**

#### Chapter 8 **Proteomic Analysis of Goat Milk 143** Zohra Olumee-Shabon and Jamie L. Boehmer

Chapter 9 **Development of an In Vitro Goat Mammary Gland Model: Establishment, Characterization, and Applications of Primary Goat Mammary Cell Cultures 165** Jernej Ogorevc, Minja Zorc and Peter Dovč

#### **Section 5 Milk and Health 187**


#### **Section 6 Goat's Meat 265**

	- **Section 7 Animal Health 287**

Chapter 13 **Parasitism in Goats: Husbandry Management, Range Management, Gut Immunity and Therapeutics 289** Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz, Muhammad Mudaseer Nazir, Noreen Samad, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Hanif, Mubashir Aziz, Ahsan Sattar Sheikh, Atif Akbar, Abdul Waheed, Aqal Zaman and Nasir Mahmood

Chapter 14 **Complementary Medicine with High Dilutions Strengthen Conventional Therapies and Health 309** Silvio Leite Monteiro da Silva

#### **Section 8 Heat Stress 327**

Chapter 7 **Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination**

Zohra Olumee-Shabon and Jamie L. Boehmer

**Goat Mammary Cell Cultures 165** Jernej Ogorevc, Minja Zorc and Peter Dovč

Chapter 10 **Nutritional and Health Profile of Goat Products: Focus on Health Benefits of Goat Milk 189**

Chapter 11 **Bioactive Compounds in Goat Milk and Cheese: The Role of**

**Feeding System and Breed 233**

Chapter 12 **Carcass and Meat Quality in Goat 267**

di Napoli, Daniela Giorgio and Lucia Sepe

Chapter 13 **Parasitism in Goats: Husbandry Management, Range**

**Management, Gut Immunity and Therapeutics 289**

Chapter 9 **Development of an In Vitro Goat Mammary Gland Model:**

**Establishment, Characterization, and Applications of Primary**

Maria João Reis Lima, Edite Teixeira-Lemos, Jorge Oliveira, Luís P. Teixeira-Lemos, António M.C. Monteiro and José M. Costa

Salvatore Claps, Roberta Rossi, Adriana Di Trana, Maria Antonietta

Ana Guerrero, María del Mar Campo, José Luis Olleta and Carlos

Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz, Muhammad Mudaseer Nazir, Noreen Samad, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Hanif, Mubashir Aziz, Ahsan Sattar Sheikh, Atif Akbar, Abdul Waheed, Aqal Zaman and

Bobwealth Oakina Omontese

Chapter 8 **Proteomic Analysis of Goat Milk 143**

**in Goats 131**

**Section 4 Milk Production 141**

**VI** Contents

**Section 5 Milk and Health 187**

**Section 6 Goat's Meat 265**

Sañudo

**Section 7 Animal Health 287**

Nasir Mahmood


Preface

4,291,278 heads).

**Genetics**

When discussing animal species, it is fundamental to consider the quantity and size of the usable products that come from them. Domestication of the goat began at the border of the Neolithic Period and the Stone Age, about 10,000 years ago. The goat has become a co-ani‐ mal in the past few years but is mainly kept for its meat, milk and hair, as well as fur pro‐ duction. Accordingly, we use a wide variety of "products". Goats are bred in large numbers of varieties and breeds, and are kept in a wide range of environmental conditions on Earth.

The number of goats kept in the world is slightly smaller than that of sheep (about 1.2 bil‐ lion heads), but still, more than 1 billion heads offer meat and milk for almost 3 billion peo‐ ple. According to the data of FAOSTAT (2018), 1,002,810,368 heads of goats were kept in the world in 2016, from which more than half were produced in *Asia* (55.45% – 556,019,726 heads). *Africa* was ranked in second place (38.66% – 387,667,193 heads), followed by the *Americas* (3.78% – 37,866,521 heads), *Europe* (1.69% – 16,965,650 heads) and *Oceania* (0.34% –

*China* was the biggest (14.87% – 149,091,143 heads) goat-keeper country (as in the case of sheep) in 2016, and the following countries were also part of the top 10 goat-keeper coun‐ tries: *India* (13.35% – 133,874,637 heads), *Nigeria* (7.37% – 73,879,561 heads), *Pakistan* (7.01% – 70,300,000 heads), *Bangladesh* (5.59% – 56,083,240 heads), *Sudan* (3.12% – 31,325,105 heads), *Ethiopia* (3.01% – 30,200,226 heads), *Kenya* (2.67% – 26,745,916 heads), *Mongolia* (2.55% –

Research and development carried out so far and summarised under "goat science" has an enormous number of fields covering large or small results, some of which have been select‐ ed for this book. They concern a wide range of knowledge and provide good summaries of

The genetic characteristics of goats determine the reproductive and production characteris‐ tics of the individuals and varieties, the quality of the products (milk and meat composition, hair length and fines, etc.), as well as the environment in which varieties can be successfully bred. Several publications have already reported on the inheritability and repeatability of each quality trait. Recently, research has increasingly focused on the appearance of certain

In the first chapter the utility of cross-reactive regents to understand the molecular genetics and genome biology of the goat and the importance of dietary modulators as avenues for immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis in the goat are the targets of study.

attributes of molecular, DNA and gene levels, and their level of applicability.

Different breeds are also crossed to reach specific goals.

25,574,861 heads) and *Mali* (2.21% – 22,141,497 heads).

results reached in different fields of goat science.
