**Meet the editor**

After completing doctoral studies in Chemistry at the University of South Carolina, Zissis C. Chroneos pursued postdoctoral studies at Vanderbilt University College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Medical Center to elucidate the mechanisms by which surfactant proteins modulate host defense and inflammation in the lung. These studies led to his discovery of the surfactant

protein A receptor SP-R210 and its identification as cell-surface isoforms of Myosin 18A that modulate innate receptor dynamics and polarization in macrophages. He is currently an associate professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology at Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine investigating host factors and SP-R210–mediated mechanisms that modulate surfactant metabolism, macrophage differentiation, and pathogenesis of viral and bacterial infections in the lung.

Contents

**Preface VII**

**Section 1 Intersection of Environment and Pneumonia 1**

Chapter 1 **Understanding the Intersection of Environmental Pollution,**

Patricia Silveyra, Nathalie Fuentes and Lidys Rivera

Chapter 2 **Pneumonia: A Challenging Health Concern with the**

Chapter 3 **The Emerging Problems of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-**

Chapter 4 **Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pneumonia and Infection**

**Negative Bacillary Pneumonia 53**

Mauricio Rodriguez and Salim R. Surani

Chapter 5 **Microbiology of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia 105**

Chapter 6 **Advancing in the Direction of Right Solutions: Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia 125**

Manu Chaudhary, Gazalla Ayub and Anurag Payasi

**Climate Change 35**

**Section 2 Drug-Resistant Pneumonia 51**

Mihaela Ileana Ionescu

**in Intensive Care Unit 77**

Cinara Regina A. V. Monteiro

**Pneumonia, and Inflammation: Does Gender Play a Role? 3**

Jean-Marie Ntumba Kayembe and Harry-César Ntumba Kayembe

Valério Monteiro-Neto, Lídio G. Lima-Neto, Afonso G. Abreu and
