**8. Prevention**

**Virus family**

Retroviridae

(HTLV-1)

**Table 1.** Characteristic features of viral pathogens causing pneumonia.

(Retroviruses)—human immunodeficiency

virus (HIV), human lymphotropic virus type 1

 **Virus**

**Morphology** 80–100 nm envelope

Nucleoside reverse

transcriptase inhibitors

(NRTIs), protease inhibitor

(PI), non-nucleoside reverse

transcriptase inhibitor

(NNRTI)

helical RNA-single

strand

**Treatment**

**Prevention** Education, preventive

All year

204 Contemporary Topics of Pneumonia

measures

**Seasonality**

Measures in infectious infection control, particularly of the respiratory tract, involve using barrier methods preventing infection. Use of gloves, masks and hand-washing have been shown to be effective in reducing transmission rates in the health care centers. Isolation of patients during the clinical phase of the disease is also strongly recommended and reduces overall incidence. Immunization plays a very important role in prevention, but is only available for a few viruses. As the population ages and rates of pneumonia increase. Hospitalizations for pneumonia will continue to show an upward trend unless effective intervention strategies are devised and implemented. This includes recommending immunization with PPV and annual influenza vaccinations. Although the effectiveness of these vaccines decreases with age and comorbid conditions [79].

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