**4. Conclusion**

Generally, climate-induced extreme events such as prolonged and frequent drought periods influenced the abundance and distribution of wildlife resources across Southern Africa. In addition, temperature related extreme events such as heat waves also threaten the ecology of heat sensitive species. Thus wildlife resources are under threat from the confounding effects of rainfall and temperature changing climate. The abundance of both flora and fauna is influenced by the interactive effects of climate change and other non-climatic multiple stressors. Wildlife species have different levels of vulnerability and resilience to climate change induced impacts. Stakeholders in the wildlife sector are therefore faced with a task to continuously monitor wildlife resources under a changing climate. Since responses of wildlife resources to climate variability and change are both locationand species-specific [85] protected area managers should come up with different strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on vulnerable habitats and specific species depending on their ecology.
