**5. Togo ornamental biodiversity**

#### **5.1. Floristic richness**

In Kara (north Togo) like Atakpamé (Togo center), the inventory allowed to identify 123 species distributed in 42 families and 93 genera. In Kpalimé (west), 138 species were identified and divided into 54 families and 103 genera. In Lomé (south and capital), the number of species identified is 612 which divided into 246 genera and 80 families. All the species identified outside Lomé (estimated at 380 species) are at 100% found in the list of the species identified in Lomé and its surroundings. However, nearly 500 species accounted in Lomé are not yet grown in the other cities.

In term of genus, dicotyledonous represent 59% of Togo's ornamental plants; then Monocots are 38% and Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae are less than 6%. Otherwise, all dicotyledonous belong to 49 family, 145 genera, and 315 species **Table 1**.

*Murraya paniculata, Nerium oleander, Pithecellobium dulce* (Roxb.) Thunb., and *Polyalthia* 

Family Taxa Part exhaling gasoline

Usefulness of Plant Biodiversity in the Cities of Togo http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76776 211

*Jasminum sambac* Ait. Flowers

*Annonaceae Cananga odorata* (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Flowers *Agavaceae Polianthes tuberosa* L. Flowers *Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra megalophylla* Harms Leaves *Moraceae Artocarpus communis* J.R. & G. Forst Fruits *Oleaceae Jasminum nitidum Skan* Flowers

*Poaceae Cymbopogon citratus* (DC.) Stapf Leaves *Rutaceae Murraya paniculata* (L.) Jacq. Flowers

With RI ≥ 80%, 338 species (55.23%) are "rare" and were listed in less than 10% of the readings. Among them, 67 have only one occurrence (RI ≥ 98.18%). This is the case of *Calathea makoyana E.* Morr. & Boom, *Cryptostegia grandiflora* Br. R. ex Lindl., *Davallia bullata* Wall. Ex Hook., *Echinocereus pectinatus* Engelm., *Ficus elastica* Roxb. var. *decora*, *Monstera deliciosa* Liebm., *Oxalis ovate* Ruiz ex Knuth, A. *Tithonia diversifolia* A. Gray, *Vanda coerulea* Griff. ex Lindl., and

Fifty-two percent of the horticultural flora species in Togo are coming from Americas against less than 20% from Africa (**Figure 6**). Outside the Americas (30%) and Asia (25%), each of

**6. Plants provenance of Togo's horticultural flora**

**Figure 5.** Relationship between floristic richness and age of nursery.

*longifolia.*

**Fragrant plants**

**Table 1.** Fragrant plants.

*Zamia furfuracea* L.f.

The average of the floristic richness is 142.91 ± 57.92 species per planting and the equation y = 0.069x + 0.449 with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.236 justifies the relationship between the floristic richness and the age of the nursery (**Figure 5**). This significant relationship shows that the experience acquired by the planting operator over time, especially by taking into account the demands and requirements of customers and the need to meet customer demand, is a major factor that can improve the species richness of horticultural planting.

#### **5.2. Preferential species**

This study shows that 274 species representing 44.77% of the species surveyed are the "preferential species" (RI < 80%). As listed, there are 15 most preferential species: *Aloe vera* L. var. *chinensis, Bougainvillea glabra, Catharanthus roseus* (L.) G. Don, *Cordyline terminalis* (L.) *Kunth., Dieffenbachia amoena, Dracaena arborea* (Willd.) Link., *Erythrina indica* Lamk., var. *picta* L. *Euphorbia millii* Des Moul. var. *breonii, Ficus bengamina* L., *Ficus retusa* L., *Ixora macrothyrsa,* 


#### **Table 1.** Fragrant plants.

Otherwise, 179 people work in the ornamental horticulture sector in Togo and 58% are male. The farm lords are predominantly the youth: 44% are less than 30 year old (**Figure 4**), 29%

In Kara (north Togo) like Atakpamé (Togo center), the inventory allowed to identify 123 species distributed in 42 families and 93 genera. In Kpalimé (west), 138 species were identified and divided into 54 families and 103 genera. In Lomé (south and capital), the number of species identified is 612 which divided into 246 genera and 80 families. All the species identified outside Lomé (estimated at 380 species) are at 100% found in the list of the species identified in Lomé and its surroundings. However, nearly 500 species accounted in Lomé are not yet

In term of genus, dicotyledonous represent 59% of Togo's ornamental plants; then Monocots are 38% and Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae are less than 6%. Otherwise, all dicotyledon-

The average of the floristic richness is 142.91 ± 57.92 species per planting and the equation y = 0.069x + 0.449 with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.236 justifies the relationship between the floristic richness and the age of the nursery (**Figure 5**). This significant relationship shows that the experience acquired by the planting operator over time, especially by taking into account the demands and requirements of customers and the need to meet customer demand, is a major factor that

This study shows that 274 species representing 44.77% of the species surveyed are the "preferential species" (RI < 80%). As listed, there are 15 most preferential species: *Aloe vera* L. var. *chinensis, Bougainvillea glabra, Catharanthus roseus* (L.) G. Don, *Cordyline terminalis* (L.) *Kunth., Dieffenbachia amoena, Dracaena arborea* (Willd.) Link., *Erythrina indica* Lamk., var. *picta* L. *Euphorbia millii* Des Moul. var. *breonii, Ficus bengamina* L., *Ficus retusa* L., *Ixora macrothyrsa,* 

aged between 30 and 55 years, whereas 27% are more than 55 years.

ous belong to 49 family, 145 genera, and 315 species **Table 1**.

can improve the species richness of horticultural planting.

**5. Togo ornamental biodiversity**

**Figure 4.** Age bracket of the farmers (A = age).

**5.1. Floristic richness**

210 Selected Studies in Biodiversity

grown in the other cities.

**5.2. Preferential species**

**Figure 5.** Relationship between floristic richness and age of nursery.

*Murraya paniculata, Nerium oleander, Pithecellobium dulce* (Roxb.) Thunb., and *Polyalthia longifolia.*

With RI ≥ 80%, 338 species (55.23%) are "rare" and were listed in less than 10% of the readings. Among them, 67 have only one occurrence (RI ≥ 98.18%). This is the case of *Calathea makoyana E.* Morr. & Boom, *Cryptostegia grandiflora* Br. R. ex Lindl., *Davallia bullata* Wall. Ex Hook., *Echinocereus pectinatus* Engelm., *Ficus elastica* Roxb. var. *decora*, *Monstera deliciosa* Liebm., *Oxalis ovate* Ruiz ex Knuth, A. *Tithonia diversifolia* A. Gray, *Vanda coerulea* Griff. ex Lindl., and *Zamia furfuracea* L.f.
