**10. Ornamental plants for therapeutic purposes**

Seventy-seven ornamental species belonging to 39 families are listed as medicinal plants. The most represented families in number of species are the *Apocynaceae* and *Fabaceae* represented by six species, *Euphorbiaceae* and *Liliaceae* five species, and *Arecaceae* and *Verbenaceae* with four species are the most represented families.

The ethnobotanical survey revealed that 49% of the identified species are used against diseases of digestive system and 17% for dermatoses. Visual, bone, urinary, and auditory parts of the nervous system is represented by less than 7% (**Figure 7**).

Some species are used to treat many diseases and the use of others requires a combination with non-ornamental plants.

Decoction is the most common method of preparation (47%). It is followed by the poultice (17%) and the bath (13%). The other methods (maceration, nature, fumigation, infusion, and powder) represent 23% (**Figure 9**). Among the modes of administration, the most used is the

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oral absorption (82%).

**Figure 7.** Uses cases of ornamental medicinal plants.

**Figure 8.** Distribution of plants different parts used.

For about 43% of the species, the leaves are the most solicited parts (**Figure 8**). They are followed by, in descending order, the association stem leaves (27%), the underground parts, the bark, the flowers, the fruits, and the entire plant.

**Figure 7.** Uses cases of ornamental medicinal plants.

Ornamental hedges include 33 species of 18 genera and 14 families. Species commonly appreciated are *Clerodendrum inerme* (*Verbenaceae*) for its dense foliage, *Bougainvillea glabra* (*Nyctaginaceae*) for its purple flowers and its thorns, *Pithecellobium dulce* (*Fabaceae*) mainly for its thorns and its dense foliage when the plant is young, and *Pereskia grandiflora* (*Acanthaceae*)

As water ornamental plants, two families are identified: *Pontederiaceae* represented by *Eichhornia crassipes* (Mart.) Solms. and *Nymphaeaceae* with 4 genera *Euryale*, *Nelumbo*, *Nymphaea*,

House plants are species that fit inside houses and apartments: balconies, verandas, hallways or inside the offices. 193 species grouped into 44 genera and 17 families are identified as house plants. The genera *Pteris* (*Adiantaceae*), *Asplenium* (*Aspleniaceae*), *Aglaonema*, *Alocasia*, *Caladium*, *Dieffenbachia*, *Monstera* and *Philodendron* (*Araceae*), *Schefflera* (*Araliaceae*), *Oxalis* (*Oxalidaceae*)

Several species are grown in order to provide useful elements to the preparation of floral bouquets. These bouquets are placed in clay pots or glass jars for home decor. Among the species recorded and identified, we have the genera *Caesalpinia and Melia* for inflorescences *Alpinia*, *Anthurium*, *Aster*, and *Chrysanthemum*, *Polyanthes* and *Heliconia* for flowers, *Alpinia*, *Cordyline*, *Cycas*, *Dracaena*, *Maranta*, and *Sansevieria* for the leaves, and *Cyperus* for the stem

Seventy-seven ornamental species belonging to 39 families are listed as medicinal plants. The most represented families in number of species are the *Apocynaceae* and *Fabaceae* represented by six species, *Euphorbiaceae* and *Liliaceae* five species, and *Arecaceae* and *Verbenaceae* with four

The ethnobotanical survey revealed that 49% of the identified species are used against diseases of digestive system and 17% for dermatoses. Visual, bone, urinary, and auditory parts

Some species are used to treat many diseases and the use of others requires a combination

For about 43% of the species, the leaves are the most solicited parts (**Figure 8**). They are followed by, in descending order, the association stem leaves (27%), the underground parts, the

for its thorns and ease of its cuttings pushing.

and *Licuala*, *Kentia,* and *Livistona* (*Arecaceae*) can be mentioned.

**10. Ornamental plants for therapeutic purposes**

of the nervous system is represented by less than 7% (**Figure 7**).

species are the most represented families.

bark, the flowers, the fruits, and the entire plant.

with non-ornamental plants.

and *Victoria*.

214 Selected Studies in Biodiversity

and the leaves.

**9. Indoor garden plants**

Decoction is the most common method of preparation (47%). It is followed by the poultice (17%) and the bath (13%). The other methods (maceration, nature, fumigation, infusion, and powder) represent 23% (**Figure 9**). Among the modes of administration, the most used is the oral absorption (82%).

**Scientific name Organs consumed Products obtained**

Fruit

and flowers

*Gmelina arborea* Roxb. Leaves Food package

or cooked)

*Elaeis guineensis* Jacq. Seed, sap Fermented beverages, alcohol, and vegetable oils

Beverages, jams, flavoring, and beekeeping

Usefulness of Plant Biodiversity in the Cities of Togo http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76776 217

Jams, marmalades, jellies, compotes, and alcohol

Softwood lumber, firewood and charcoal, oil, tincture, lubricants, disinfectants, cosmetics, and insecticides

*Caladium bicolor* (Ait.) Vent. Leaves and bulb

*Citrus maxima*; *C. sinensis* Fruit (pulp and juice)

*Chrysophyllum albidum* G. Don Fruit

*Cocos nucifera* L. Fruit *Cycas revoluta* Thunb. Marrow

*Eugenia malaccensis* L. Fruit

*Gomphrena globosa* L. Leaves

*Pithecellobium dulce* (Roxb.) Benth. Fruit (aril)

*Samanea saman* (Willd.) Merril. Clove *Terminalia cattapa* L. Almond

**Cosmetic**

**Industrial**

& Thoms.

*Mangifera indica* L. Fruit (nature, dried

*Punica granatum* L. Fruit (pulp) Jams

*Bixa orellana* L. Seed Dyestuff

*Elaeis guineensis* Jacq. Fruit Palm kernel oil

*Acacia auriculiformis* L. Wood Cabinetmaking

gum

fruits

*Azadirachta indica* A. Juss. Wood, seeds, and

*Catharanthus roseus* L. Leaves, flowers, and

*Cananga odorata* (Lam.) Hook. f.

*Lawsonia inermis* L. Leaves and flowers Dyestuff, tincture, perfume, and toothpicks

Flowers Perfume

Drugs

*Cassia siamea* Lam. Wood Cabinetmaking, firewood, and charcoal

*Citrus maxima; C. sinensis* Wood and branches Woodwork, turning, and marquetry

**Food**

G. Forst.

*Artocarpus communis* J.R. &

**Figure 9.** Spectrum of different methods of preparation of medicinal plants.
