**3. Location of the study area**

Lomé city and its surroundings in south, Kara city in the north and Atakpamé and Kpalimé in center was explored for floristic inventory (**Figure 1**). No flower planting has been identified in the other cities in Togo. However, the study takes into account the landscaped areas and the private gardens in public or private administrative institutions. Each planting or landscaped areas or garden was considered as a botanical survey of 68 plantings across the country, including 65 in Lomé and its surroundings and one in each of the three cities (Atakpamé, Kara, and Kpalime).

The identification of species was made with the flora of Berhaut [18], Byrd Graf [19], Houerou and Houerou [20], Grisvard et al. [21, 22], and Hessayon [23]. Further information was collected from those of Hutchinson and Dalziel [24, 25], Brunel et al. [3], and Lebrun and Stork [26–30]. The nomenclature used is that of the mentioned authors. Data from the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature [31] and those online as the Index Nominum Genericorum (ING) [32], the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) [33], and the Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) [34] were used for the names of authors and synonyms. The classification of ornamental plants followed that of Vidalie [35] and Aké-Assi et al. [36]. The works of Radji et al. [37, 38], Aké-Assi et al. [36], and Porter et al. [39] allowed clarifying the origin countries of the plants.

**4. Organization of Togo's ornamental firms**

**Figure 2.** Distribution of nurseries according to places of installation.

**Figure 3.** Distribution of farms according to dimensions (m<sup>2</sup>

; 150 < S2 < 500 m**<sup>2</sup>**

S1 = farms having less than 150 m**<sup>2</sup>**

(**Figure 2**).

horticultural farms.

In 2016, the number of horticultural exploitations listed in Togo was 68 geographically distributed as; one farm in Kara, one in Atakpamé, another one in Kpalimé, and 65 in Lomé. From 1997 to 2010, the number of horticultural farms (22 in Lomé in 1997) has increased by 66.66%. Ninety-four percent (52 farms) are located in the "administrative reserves" belonging to the government area and six percent are setting on individual private property

More than 90% of the nurseries are private family farms. Their average size is 291.47 m<sup>2</sup>

(**Figure 3**). The gap (202.76) is very high, showing a great variability of the surface area of

.

209

Usefulness of Plant Biodiversity in the Cities of Togo http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76776

). The figures indicate the number of nurseries concerned,

).

; S3 = farms having a surface area above 500 m**<sup>2</sup>**

**Figure 1.** Togo eco-floristic subdivisions and major cities surveyed.

In each planting, an ethnobotanical survey has covered therapeutic uses of the identified species. This work was conducted with 279 respondents. The data collected were supplemented with two Traditional Practioners in Lomé. They were subsequently brought into line with those that already existed in the reference literature [36, 40, 41]. The ethno botanical information collected were recorded on sheets of raw data and then transferred to a database. They were processed and analyzed under RGui 2.7.0 statistical software [42] to obtain standardized data concerning the key constituents, therapeutic properties and uses assigned to each reported species, the parts used, and the most commonly mentioned methods of preparation. The status of rare species is indicated by an index of scarcity RI obtained from the equation of Géhu and Géhu [43], where *ni* indicates the number of readings in which the species *i* is present and *N* is the total number of readings.
