Contents

**Preface XIII**


#### **Section 3 Inflammatory and Viral Infections 123**

	- **Section 4 Stress, Neurology and Regeneration 233**

Meda Sandra Orăsan and Andrei Coneac

Chapter 13 **Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis 257** María Eugenia Castañeda-Lopez, Idalia Garza-Veloz, José Manuel Ortiz-Rodriguez, Rodrigo Castañeda-Miranda, Luis Octavio Solis-Sanchez, Héctor Rene Vega-Carrillo, María del Rosario Martinez-Blanco, Fabiola Trejo-Vazquez, Gerardo Ornelas-Vargas, Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez, Héctor Alonso Guerrero-Osuna, Iván Delgado-Enciso, Oscar Gustavo Meza-Zavala and Margarita de la Luz Martinez-Fierro

Contents **VII**

**Section 3 Inflammatory and Viral Infections 123**

**Urinary" 125**

**Vaccine Trials 159**

Peitsch and Julia Hoeng

**Regeneration 235**

Martinez-Fierro

Chapter 7 **Animal Models of Double Incontinence: "Fecal and**

Raheela Mohsin Rizvi and Sanam Imtiaz

Chapter 9 **Experimental Animal Models of HIV/AIDS for**

Chapter 8 **Relevance of the CDE and DDC Mouse Models to Study**

Bartholomew Okechukwu Ibeh and Efejiro Ashano

Chapter 12 **Evaluation of Animal Models Suitable for Hair Research and**

Meda Sandra Orăsan and Andrei Coneac

Chapter 10 **Animal Inhalation Models to Investigate Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 181**

Chapter 11 **Use of Animal Models in the Study of Colitis 213**

C. A. Guimarães and Karine C. Freitas

**Section 4 Stress, Neurology and Regeneration 233**

Chapter 13 **Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis 257**

**Ductular Reaction in Chronic Human Liver Diseases 143** Laure-Alix Clerbaux, Noémi Van Hul, Annette S.H. Gouw, Rita Manco, Regina Español-Suñer and Isabelle A. Leclercq

Giuseppe Lo Sasso, Walter K. Schlage, Blaine Phillips, Manuel C.

Karoline S. Rezende, Melina R. Fernandes, Bernardo B. de Faria, Rita

María Eugenia Castañeda-Lopez, Idalia Garza-Veloz, José Manuel Ortiz-Rodriguez, Rodrigo Castañeda-Miranda, Luis Octavio Solis-Sanchez, Héctor Rene Vega-Carrillo, María del Rosario Martinez-Blanco, Fabiola Trejo-Vazquez, Gerardo Ornelas-Vargas, Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez, Héctor Alonso Guerrero-Osuna, Iván Delgado-Enciso, Oscar Gustavo Meza-Zavala and Margarita de la Luz


Preface

chapter contributions.

The concept of animal models dealt in this book discusses appropriate mechanistic models for several prevalent human diseases. Animal models are imperative for preclinical trials, disease pathway and pathological elucidation, new drug development, environmental test‐ ing, and vaccine construction. Against any odds, the use of animals (from primates to mur‐ ine), especially rat and mouse, seems indispensable in today's scientific world. The book presents reproducible experimental approach using animal models for the study of human diseases with measurable equivalence to that of humans. It also presents models of high hu‐ man predictive value. Despite current insights and promising technologies, no scientific method can at this time fully address the limitation(s) of using animal models as complete surrogates for humans. The organization of the book is unique and organic because it brings to the fore the implications, pros and cons, and choice of experimental animals in research design for scientists and clinicians. An important objective of the book is to provide a wider readership of scientist, clinicians, and ethicist. It also provides a multidisciplinary approach to modeling animals for the study of human diseases and on the basics in choosing animal models. The need to qualify and/or standardize animal models is evident at the least to spe‐ cifically and reproducibly produce a disease process or condition that in multiple important aspects corresponds to the human disease or condition of interest. The question of whether or not there should be a standardized or qualification model is one of the main current con‐ troversies in developing animal models for human diseases. This is also addressed in the

Each chapter of this book further discuses new-generation model of animals for human dis‐ ease study. Chapter 1 is the introduction describing the major contributions of animal mod‐ els to modern medicine. The book therefore is divided into three (3) sections: the first section deals with diabetes and obesity in five (5) chapters. Chapters 2 and 3 "Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy" x-ray the suitability of available animal models (from chemically in‐ duced to transgenic) for therapeutic drug screening and further understanding of the molec‐ ular and cellular pathological processes involved in DR. The availability of a holistic animal model that reproduces the pathological progression of human DR is presented. Chapter 4 "Animal Models of Central Diabetes Insipidus: Oxytocin and Low-Sodium Diets as Comple‐ mentary Treatments" describes the animal model of hereditary human central diabetes in‐ sipidus (CDI); the authors asserted that the hydromineral characteristics of these animals do not seem to be fully comparable with an acquired CDI animal model such as transgenic rat TGR(ASrAOGEN)680, TGR(mREN2)27, etc.; additionally, the variations in the neurobiologi‐ cal system evidently predict individualized therapies desirable to improve the quality of life of the patients. Chapter 5 "Animal Models of Obesity: The Potential Role of Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis" describes the mechanisms involved in the progression from NAFLD to
