**3. Interiors' messages**

The message the person receives when using a space is the effect that the interior is having on a human. Any area presents an idea to whoever experiences the function of the place. An interaction occurs between the physical shape of a space and the user, resulting in psychological or emotional effects. If the designer has paid full attention to each detail, the full interior will give the correspondent effects needed to accomplish the functionality of this space in a pleasant and productive manner. Perfection is hard to achieve, yet the psychological effects of each interior component as in line, shape, form, color, pattern composition, lighting, scent, sound and even texture can bring an excellence to the place.

The design of an interior continuously affects people's behavior. Different sensory experiences through time create a mutual mood, with diverse details consistent with each culture and personality. Asking some questions will help to identify the targets of designing places of beauty, such as what does the interior designer want to express to the users? What should the interior look like? What is the reason for selecting this model? What is the purpose of this interior? When people use this interior, what will they feel? What is the message of this design? What was the primary motivation for such an interior design approach?

Psychologists, and specifically Steven Reiss, propel the identification of 16 different reactions or emotions as the reflection to any interior layout, calling them "*Reiss's 16 Motivations."* [10].

#### **3.1. Reiss's motivations**

*2.2.2. Scentscape perception*

70 Perception of Beauty

adds part of the beauty to it.

*2.2.3. Soundscape perception*

**3. Interiors' messages**

beautiful.

The scent is an additional element to create a psychological effect. So, using this tool to enhance the functionality and the productivity of a place is vital. It affects the human with full consciousness at the beginning, and then, it moves to the back of the mind, while still affecting the person's performance. Pleasant scents make people remain longer in the space. The scent can stimulate happiness, appetite, their motivation to complete a particular function and even their feeling of belonging in a place. To design the scent scheme in any interior, designers refer to the Scentscape. Scented space will feel larger, cleaner, fresh and bright; it

Similar to the Scentscape, the soundscape is the schematic background sound of an interior. Surveys discover that people work 30% more effectively while listening to their favorite music without a tired feeling, whereas disturbing noises can make spaces appear dull and ugly. Many tools help designers in their duty of creating a soundscape: quiet rhythms lead to a relaxing mood. It is preferable to keep music at a low level, without the song lyrics (words); this helps in concentration. Live music creates a better mood than prerecorded songs. The designers should investigate to reach the best soundscape that makes the interior

The message the person receives when using a space is the effect that the interior is having on a human. Any area presents an idea to whoever experiences the function of the place. An interaction occurs between the physical shape of a space and the user, resulting in psychological or emotional effects. If the designer has paid full attention to each detail, the full interior will give the correspondent effects needed to accomplish the functionality of this space in a pleasant and productive manner. Perfection is hard to achieve, yet the psychological effects of each interior component as in line, shape, form, color, pattern composition, lighting, scent,

The design of an interior continuously affects people's behavior. Different sensory experiences through time create a mutual mood, with diverse details consistent with each culture and personality. Asking some questions will help to identify the targets of designing places of beauty, such as what does the interior designer want to express to the users? What should the interior look like? What is the reason for selecting this model? What is the purpose of this interior? When people use this interior, what will they feel? What is the message of this design?

Psychologists, and specifically Steven Reiss, propel the identification of 16 different reactions or emotions as the reflection to any interior layout, calling them "*Reiss's 16 Motivations."* [10].

sound and even texture can bring an excellence to the place.

What was the primary motivation for such an interior design approach?

Steven Reiss, Psychologist, Professor Emeritus at the Ohio State University in Ohio, USA, studied the human reactions and found 16 different responses as a reflection of the average human being experiencing interior spaces. These reflections are the result of being in a place. He called them 16 motivations, leading as feelings of the users. These motivations (interior design messages) are the basics that designers should achieve by explaining and linking interior element selections to their psychological effects. These messages have meanings and enhance internal functionality based on their psychological effects. These 16 motivations (interior messages) are as follows: Power, Curiosity, Social Status, Honor, Idealism, Social Contact, Physical Activity, Independence, Romance, and Acceptance, Eating, Saving, Family, Tranquility, Vengeance and Order.

#### *3.1.1. Power*

*The need for control of the will*. The being under "Power" feeling occurs in distinct interiors and functions. To reach this emotion, a designer has to produce some details, but the architectural layout should interface to the full scope. People will feel under control if they see high ceilings, levels in the place, and extreme size in the majority of the interior elements. In addition, high quality will reflect some dominance but not for all type of personalities nor cultures (**Figure 6**). Power is an important emotional message in the governing spaces and the law areas such as courts.

#### *3.1.2. Curiosity*

*The need to gain knowledge*. Developing people in all type of activities and for all age levels needs special attention from the designer. To stimulate feelings of interest, designers need to activate an emotional response by creating diverse shapes and lines, colorfully, and with unexpected patterns (**Figure 7**). Classrooms for different study levels, libraries and shopping spaces are where "Curiosity" responses need enhancement.

**Figure 6.** Power message sample of Court Hall.

**Figure 7.** Curiosity message sample.

#### *3.1.3. Social status*

*The need for social significance*. The social level occurs in residential spaces, in branded shopping areas, in hospitality interiors and even in commercial spaces. This level reflects the inhabitant's social status through the grade of the interior components. The size of the interior, selection of luxury materials and the excess use of white colors (**Figure 8**) all represent and reflect a high level of social status.

#### *3.1.4. Honor*

*The need to be faithful to the common values of an individual's ethnic group, family or clan*. Traditions are the values of any society. To keep, preserve and show this culture reflects a feeling of

**Figure 8.** Social status message sample.

honor. It is the identity of any human group. Practically, all interiors will show a percentage of tradition, as the designer unconsciously adds it to the design (**Figure 9**). The spaces representing the message of Honor are mainly residential and governmental, but it could be hospitality, or for relative level commercial. The interior will involve a touch of the central tradition of the place or the users.
