**Impact of Fiber Duplication on Protection Architectures Feasibility for Passive Optical Networks**

Waqas Ahmed Imtiaz, Javed Iqbal, Affaq Qamar,

Haider Ali and Sevia M. Idrus

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68237

#### Abstract

[16] Alvarez G, Li S. Some basic cryptographic requirements for chaos-based cryptosystems. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos. 2006;16(8):2129–2151. DOI: 10.1142/

[17] Hu X, Yang X, Shen Z, He H, Hu W. Chaos-based partial transmit sequence technique for physical-layer security in OFDM-PON. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2015;27

[18] Cheng M, et al. Security-enhanced OFDM-PON using hybrid chaotic system. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2015;27(3):326–329. DOI: 10.1109/LPT. 2014.2370757

[19] Hu X, Yang X, Hu W. Chaos-based selected mapping scheme for physical-layer security in OFDM-PON. Electronics Letters. 2015;51(18):1429–1431. DOI: 10.1049/el.2015.1261 [20] Shen Z, Yang X, He H, Hu W. Secure transmission of optical DFT-S-OFDM data encrypted by digital chaos. IEEE Photonics Journal. 2016;8(3). DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2564438 [21] Hajomer A A E, Yang X, Hu W. Chaotic Walsh–Hadamard Transform for Physical Layer Security in OFDM-PON. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2017;29(6): 527–530. DOI:

[22] Chen G, Ueta T. Yet another chaotic attractor. International Journal of Bifurcation and

[23] Wang X, et al. SSBI mitigation at 60GHz OFDM-ROF system based on optimization of training sequence. Optics Express. 2011;19(9):8839–8846. DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.008839

Chaos. 1999;9(7):1465–1466. DOI: 10.1142/S0218127499001024

S0218127406015970

338 Optical Fiber and Wireless Communications

10.1109/ LPT. 2017. 2663400

(23):2429–2432. DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2015.2466092

Adaptability of high capacity passive optical network (PON) requires the provision of an efficient fault detection and restoration mechanism throughout the network at an acceptable cost. The readily adapted pre-planned protection strategy relies on component duplication, which significantly increases the cost of deployment for PON. Therefore, it is imperative to determine a suitable component that requires high redundancy and determine the impact of protection for that component on feasibility of PON. Five protection architecture including ITU-T 983.1 Type C, single ring, dual ring, tree- and ring-based architectures with hybrid star-ring topology at the optical distribution network (ODN), are considered to evaluate the impact of fiber duplication in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX), operation expenditure (OPEX), reliability, and support for maximum number of subscribers. Reliability block diagram (RBD) based analysis shows that desirable 5 nines connection availability is provided by each protection architecture and utilization of ring topology avoids duplication of the fiber but effects the number of subscribers. Furthermore, it is observed that OF duplication at ODN is the main contributor to CAPEX. Collectively hybrid protection architectures provide efficient performance and proves to be a feasible solution for the deployment of survivable PONs at the access domain.

Keywords: passive optical network, protection, network topology, reliability, CAPEX, OPEX
