Contents



Chapter 6 **Stem Cells in Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Monitoring: Tissue Engineering and Clinical Evaluation 111** Rakesh Sharma

Chapter 7 **Impact of the Donor KIR Genotype on the Clinical Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Unrelated Transplants: A Single Center Experience 143** Francesco Ingrassia, Valentina Cappuzzo, Rosalba Bavetta, Serena Mistretta, Maria Igea Vega, Paola Bruna Affaticati, Maria Blando, Floriana Bruno, Emanuela Collura, Giovanna Regina, Valentina Randazzo, Alessandro Indovina, Felicia Farina and Raimondo Marcenò

Preface

tissue cells (rejuvenation).

*Dedicated to my demised father and Innovations and Solutions AMET University Global*

types: embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, and allogenic cells.

Every individual faces many injuries and recoveries over a period of time. In fact, healing occurs due to a proliferation of stem cells capable of restoring the injured tissue. These stem cells contain regenerative potential with enormous impact on clinical applications. The re‐ generative potential may arise from stem cell self-renewal, multipotency, and paracrine functions (restoration). The paracrine secretion of growth factors or cytokines from retained stem cells leads to endogenous progenitor cells capable of biotransforming in the desired

Stem cells are progenitor cells originating from a small number of natural cells from tissues. These progenitor cells may be cultured in desired media conditions to grow and differenti‐ ate to transform in different tissues of desired organs with improved physiological functions by tissue engineering, pronounced "**The-i-su En-ge-ni-ea-ring.**" The art of differentiation and tissue regeneration and putting cells at endogenous injury sites is called transplanta‐ tion, pronounced "**Tren-s-phlen-te-san.**" These stem cells may be categorized into four

The last decade has seen the growing popularity of stem cell treatment and tissue engineer‐ ing applications in regenerative medicine as a lifeline to patients suffering from cancer and incurable diseases. However, a number of public health concerns are still obstructing this lucrative treatment in clinical centers and hospitals due to ethical and political preferences. In spite of this, the clinical needs of engineered, induced pluripotent stem cells have extend‐ ed to successful organ transplantation and tissue reconstruction for organ repair. Recent es‐ timations indicate that stem cell transplantation for organ repair may be useful in 80% of stem cell clinical centers around the globe to treat diseases, including stem cell experimental research that surprisingly has created great public concern. However, globally, different fed‐ eral and government agencies have shown their concern over the safe and proper use of stem cells in privately run stem cell clinics or health laboratories as "basic right to get benefit of existing art" available as unfounded words from mouth as projected in introductory chapter. Stem cells are used as an autograft means of self-renewing undifferentiated cloni‐ genic transplantation in organ repair or regeneration to bring tissue functionality back to normal for the long-term survival of patients with permanent endogenous organ damage. Some cells differentiate into pluripotent cells. Induced pluripotent cells have a unique ca‐ pacity to differentiate into desired cell types that may be grown into specific organ types. Stem cells are successfully grown for the regeneration and reconstruction of neural, skin,

