*Edited by Farhat Afrin, Hassan Hemeg and Hani Ozbak*

Microbes that elude host's defenses and have developed resistance to the existing antibiotic arsenal continuously invade the human body. Cure for such diseases is inevitable as it may result in high morbidity and mortality, if not properly treated. Vaccination represents the most cost-effective way for disease prevention. Vaccines activate sentinels of the immune system including macrophages and T, B, and dendritic cells to release a battery of effector molecules and cytokines and ward off infection. For long-lasting protection, the memory cells also need to be evoked. This book encompasses biotechnological vaccines in clinical use, cocooning, disease resurgence postvaccination and other vaccine adverse effects, prospects of therapeutic versus prophylactic vaccines, and design of effective vaccines using bioinformatic tools and engineering molecular pattern interactions.

ISBN 978-953-51-3475-6

Vaccines

Photo by Arkadiusz Warguła / iStock

## Vaccines

*Edited by Farhat Afrin, Hassan Hemeg and Hani Ozbak*

**VACCINES**

and **Hani Ozbak**

Edited by **Farhat Afrin, Hassan Hemeg**

Edited by **Farhat Afrin, Hassan Hemeg** and **Hani Ozbak**

#### **Vaccines**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65856 Edited by Farhat Afrin, Hassan Hemeg and Hani Ozbak

#### **Contributors**

Guido Castelli Gattinara, Elena Belleli, Luciana Nicolosi, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch, Ricardo Rosales, Carlos Rosales, Andrey Dmitrievich Protasov, Mikhail Kostinov, Yuriy Tezikov, Igor Lipatov, Alexander Zhestkov, Natal'Ya Lavrent'Eva, Ming-Kung Yeh, Yuan-Chuan Chen, Hwei-Fang Cheng, Yi-Chen Yang, Ricardo Benitez, Adrian Cortes, Jonathan Coral, Colin McLachlan, Alexander Cherdantsev, Anna Shmitko, Nelly Akhmatova, Aristitsa Kostinova, Darya Paraulova, Valentina Polyschuk, Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio, Juan Arturo Castelán-Vega, Alicia Jiménez-Alberto, Gloria Paulina Monterrubio-López, Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores, Waldely De Oliveira Dias, Isaias Raw, Priscila Cunegundes, Ana Fabíola Prestes, Eliane Pessoa Da Silva

#### **© The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2017**

The moral rights of the and the author(s) have been asserted.

All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECH. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECH's written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECH rights and permissions department (permissions@intechopen.com).

Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law.

Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License which permits commercial use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters, provided the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. If so indicated, certain images may not be included under the Creative Commons license. In such cases users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be foundat http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html.

#### **Notice**

Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

First published in Croatia, 2017 by INTECH d.o.o. eBook (PDF) Published by IN TECH d.o.o. Place and year of publication of eBook (PDF): Rijeka, 2019. IntechOpen is the global imprint of IN TECH d.o.o. Printed in Croatia

Legal deposit, Croatia: National and University Library in Zagreb

Additional hard and PDF copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com

Vaccines Edited by Farhat Afrin, Hassan Hemeg and Hani Ozbak

p. cm. Print ISBN 978-953-51-3475-6 Online ISBN 978-953-51-3476-3 eBook (PDF) ISBN 978-953-51-4664-3
