**1. Scenario of Cardiovascular Disease**

The incidence of AMI is drastically increasing in major developing countries, and it is noticed even in rural population, which has become a potential threat [4]. Other modifiable risk factors include low socioeconomic status, alcohol use, mental ill-health, psychosocial stress and left ventricular hypertrophy. Among the nonmodifiable risk factors are advancing age, heredity or family history, gender, ethnicity or race (**Figure 1**) [5]. To reduce the global burden of mortality from CVD, we need to refine our strategic goals and intervention programs. While we find the global population is expected to rise by almost 20% from 6.7 billion to 8.1 billion by 2030, the crude death rate still remains stable around 8.4 deaths/thousand [1]. Cardiovascular diseases were once thought to be the disease of the rich and affluent class of people, but now it is more visible among the poor as well. Conventional cardiovascular risk is attributed to lifestyle changes and altered metabolic activity.

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**Figure 1.** Causative pathways for CVD.
