**6. References**


Ceramic Coatings Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition:

1-2 (2000), pp. 90-97, ISSN 0032-5910

*Faraday Society*, Vol. 35 (1940), pp. 279-287

27, No. 1 (2007), pp. 173-178, ISSN 0002-7820

No. 21-22, (2010), pp. 3387-3392, ISSN 0257-8972

ISSN 0167-577X

ISSN 0257-8972

0953-2048

0167-577X

0002-7820

Fundamentals, Models, Post-Deposition Processes and Applications 65

Ferrari, B. & Moreno, R. (1996). The Conductivity Of Aqueous Al2O3 Slips For

Ferrari, B.; Moreno, R. & Cuesta, J.A. (2006). A Resistivity Model For Electrophoretic Deposition, *Key Engineering Materials*, Vol. 314 (2006), pp. 175-180, ISSN 1013-9826 Friedrich, C.; Gadow, R. & Speicher, M. (2002). Protective Multilayer Coatings For Carbon

Fukada, Y.; Nagarajan, N.; Mekky, W.; Bao, Y.; Kim, H.-S. & Nicholson, P.S. (2004).

Grenci, G.; Denis, S.; Dusoulier, L.; Pavese, F. & Penazzi, N. (2006). Preparation And

Guelcher, S.A., Solomentsev, Y. & Anderson, J.L. (2000). Aggregation Of Pairs Of Particles

Hamaker, H.C. (1940). Formation Of A Deposit By Electrophoresis, *Transactions of The* 

Hatton, B. & Nicholson, P.S. (2001). Design and Fracture of Layered Al2O3/TZ3Y

Hosomi, T.; Matsuda, M. & Miyake, M. (2007). Electrophoretic Deposition For Fabrication Of

Huang, S.-L.; Schoenwaelder, B.; Dew-Hughes, D. & Grovenor, C.R.M. (1995). Thermal

Huang, J.-C.; Ni, Y.-J. & Wang, Z.-C. (2010). Preparation Of Hydroxyapatite Functionally

Kawakita, M.; Uchikoshi, T.; Kawakita, J. & Sakka, Y. (2009) Preparation of Crystalline-

Kaya, C.; Boccaccini, A. R. & Trusty, P.A. (1999). Processing And Characterization Of 2-D

*Society*, Vol. 19, No. 16 (1999), pp. 2859-2866, ISSN 0955-2219

*Ceramic Society*, Vol. 84, No. 3, (2001), pp. 571-576, ISSN 0002-7820

*Materials Science*, Vol. 39, No. 3 (2004), pp. 787-801, ISSN 0022-2461

Electrophoretic Deposition, *Materials Letters*, Vol. 28, No. 4-6 (1996), pp. 353-355,

Carbon Composites, *Surface & Coatings Technology*, Vol. 151-152 (2002), pp. 405-411,

Electrophoretic Deposition - Mechanisms, Myths, And Materials, *Journal of* 

Characterization Of YBa2Cu3O7-x Thick Films Deposited On Silver Substrates By The Electrophoretic Deposition Technique For Magnetic Screening Applications, Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 4 (2006), pp. 249-255, ISSN

On Electrodes During Electrophoretic Deposition, *Powder Technology*, Vol. 110, No.

Composites Produced by Electrophoretic Deposition, *Journal of The American* 

YSZ Electrolyte Film On Non-Conducting Porous NiO-YSZ Composite Substrate For Intermediate Temperature SOFC, *Journal of The European Ceramic Society*, Vol.

Shock Resistance And Bending Strain Tolerance Of Electrophoretically Deposited Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy/Ag Tapes, *Materials Letters*, Vol. 24 (August 1995), pp. 271-274, ISSN

Gradient Coating On Titanium Substrate Using A Combination Of Electrophoretic Deposition And Reaction Bonding Process, *Surface & Coatings Technology*, Vol. 204,

Oriented Titania Photoelectrodes on ITO Glasses from a 2-Propanol–2,4- Pentanedione Solvent by Electrophoretic Deposition in a Strong Magnetic Field, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society*, Vol. 92, No. 5 (2009), pp. 984–989, ISSN

Woven Metal Fibre-Reinforced Multiplayer Silica Matrix Composites Using Electrophoretic Deposition And Pressure Filtration, *Journal of The European Ceramic* 


Boccaccini, A.R. & Zhitomirsky, I. (2002). Applications of Electrophoretic Deposition

Boccaccini, A.R.; Roether, J. A.; Thomas, B.J.C., Shaffer, M.S.P.; Chavez, E.; Stoll, E. & Minay,

Boccaccini, A.R.; Cho, J.; Roether, J. A.; Thomas, B.J.C.; Minay, E.J. & Shaffer, M.S.P. (2006b).

Boccaccini, A.R.; Chicatun, F., Cho, J.; Bretcanu, O., Roether, J.A.; Novak, S. & Chen Q.

Boccaccini, A.R.; Cho, J.; Subhani, T.; Kaya, C. & Kaya, F. (2010). Electrophoretic Deposition

Castro, Y.; Ferrari, B.; Durán, A. & Moreno, R. (2004) Effect Of Rheology And Processing

Charlotte Schausten M.; Meng, D.; Telle, R. & Boccaccini, A.R. (2010). Electrophoretic

Chen, C.-Y.; Wang, S. C.; Lin C.–Y.; Chen, F.–S. & Lin C.-K. (2009). Electrophoretically

Chen, H.-W., Lin, C.-Y., Lai, Y.-H., Chen, J.-G., Wang, C.-C., Hub, C.-W., Hsu, C.-Y., Vittal,

Corni, I.; Ryan, M.P. & Boccaccini, A.R. (2008). Electrophoretic deposition: From traditional

De, D. & Nicholson P. S. (1999). Role Of Ionic Depletion In Deposition During

De Riccardis, M.F.; Carbone, D. & Rizzo, A. (2007). A Novel Method For Preparing And

De Riccardis, M.F.; Carbone, D.; Piscopiello, E. &. Vittori Antisari, M. (2008). Electron Beam

*Materials Science*, Vol. 39, No. 3 (2004), pp. 845-849, ISSN 0022-2461

*International,* Vol. 35, No. 8 (2009), pp. 3469–3474, ISSN 0272-8842

*Power Sources*, Vol. 196, No. 10 (2011), pp. 4859–4864

Vol. 307, No. 1 (2007), pp. 109-115, ISSN 0021-9797

No. 6 (2008), pp. 1830-1836, ISSN 0169-4332

(2008), pp. 1353-1367, ISSN 0002-7820

(1999), pp. 3031-3036, ISSN 0002-7820

*Society,* Vol. 30, No. 5 (2010), p. 1115-1129, ISSN 0955-2219

*Journal of The Ceramic Society of Japan*, Vol. 114, No. 1 (2003), pp. 1-14 Boccaccini, A. R.; Peters, C., Roether, J. A.; Eifler, D.; Misra, S. K. & Minay, E. J. (2006a).

Vol. 6, No. 3 (2002), pp. 251-260, ISSN 1359-0286

No. 24 (2006), pp. 8152-8159, ISSN 0022-2461

pp. 3149-3160, ISSN 0008-6223

1616-301X

0272-8842

Techniques in Ceramic Processing, *Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science*,

E.J. (2003). The Electrophoretic Deposition of Inorganic Nanoscaled Materials,

Electrophoretic Deposition Of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) And PEEK/Bioglass Coatings On NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wires, *Journal of Materials Science*, Vol. 41,

Electrophoretic Deposition Of Carbon Nanotubes, *Carbon,* Vol. 44, No. 15 (2006),

(2007). Carbon Nanotubes Coatings On Bioglass-Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds, *Advanced Functional Materials*, Vol. 17, No. 15 (2007), pp. 2815-2822, ISSN

Of Carbon NanoTube-Ceramic Nanocomposites, *Journal of The European Ceramic* 

Parameters On The EPD Coatings Of Basic Sol-Gel Particulate Sol, *Journal of* 

Deposition Of Carbon nanotubes And Bioactive Glass particles For Bioactive Composite Coatings, *Ceramics International*, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2010), p. 307-312, ISSN

Deposited Manganese Oxide Coatings For Supercapacitor Application, *Ceramics* 

R. & Ho, K.-C. (2011). Electrophoretic Deposition Of ZnO Film And Its Compression For A Plastic Based Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, *Journal of* 

ceramics to nanotechnology, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society,* Vol. 28, No. 7

Electrophoretic Deposition, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society*, Vol. 82, No. 11,

Characterizing Alcoholic EPD Suspensions*, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,*

Treatments Of Electrophoretic Ceramic Coatings, *Applied Surface Science,* Vol*.* 254,


Ceramic Coatings Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition:

23, No. 7 (2007), pp. 4071-4080, ISSN 0743-7463

27, No. 2, (2010), p. 561-569, ISSN 0743-7463

79, No. 8,(1996), pp. 1987-2002, ISSN 0002-7820

ISSN 0957-4522

ISSN 0257-8972

1936-1943, ISSN 0947-6539

(1990), pp. 3-14, ISSN 0002-7820

art. no. 235301 (5p), ISSN 0957-4484

(2004), pp. 779-785, ISSN 0022-2461

Fundamentals, Models, Post-Deposition Processes and Applications 67

Ristenpart, W.D.; Aksay, I.A. & Saville, D.A. (2007). Electrically Driven Flow Near A

Santhanagopalan, S.; Teng, F. & Meng, D.D. (2010). High Voltage Electrophoretic Deposition

Santillán, M.J.; Quaranta, N.E. & Boccaccini, A.R. (2010). Titania And Titania-Silver

Sarkar, P. & Nicholson, P. S. (1996). Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD): Mechanisms,

Shacham, R.; Mandler, D. & Avnir, D. (2004). Electrochemically Induced Sol-Gel Deposition

Scherer, G.W. (1990). Theory of Drying, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society*, Vol. 73, No. 1

Streckert, H.H.; Norton, K.P.; Katz, J.D. & Freim, J.O. (1997). Microwave Densification Of

Tada, K. & Onoda M. (2011). Spontaneous Stratification In Composite Films Consisting Of

Uchikoshi, T.; Suzuki, T.S.; Okuyama, H. & Sakka, Y. (2004). Fabrication Of Textured

Uchikoshi, T.; Suzuki, T. S. & Sakka, Y. (2010) Fabrication Of C-Axis Oriented Zinc Oxide By

Van der Biest, O. & Vandeperre, L.J. (1999). Electrophoretic Deposition of Materials, *Annual* 

Van der Biest, O.; Put, S.; Anné G. & Vleugels, J. (2004). Electrophoretic Deposition For

Vandeperre L.J. & Van der Biest, O. (1998). Electric Current And Electric Field for

J.P., *Ceramic Transaction*, Vol 85 (1998), Westerville, OH, ISSN: 1042-1122

*Materials Letters*, Vol. 65, No. 9 (2011), pp. 1367–1370, ISSN0167-577X Tsai, H.-Y; Liu, H.-C.; Chen, J.-H. & Yeh, C.-C. (2011) Low Cost Fabrication Of Diamond

*Materials Science*, Vol. 39, No. 3 (2004), pp. 861-865, ISSN 0022-2461

*Review Material Science*, Vol. 29, (1999), pp.327-352, ISSN 0084-6600

*Ceramic Society*, Vol. 30, No. 5 (2010), pp. 1171–1175

*Science*, Vol. 32, No. 24 (1997), pp. 6429-6433, ISSN 0079-6425

*Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics*, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2011), pp. 40–46,

Colloidal Particles Close To An Electrode With A Faradaic Current, *Langmuir*, Vol.

For Vertically Aligned Forests Of One-Dimentional Nanoparticles, *Langmuir*, Vol.

Nanocomposite Coatings Grown By Electrophoretic Deposition From Aqueous Suspensions, *Surface & Coatings Technology*, Vol. 205, No. 7 (2010), p. 2562-2571,

Kinetics, and Application to Ceramics, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society*, Vol.

Of Zirconia Thin Films, *Chemistry - A European Journal*, Vol. 10, No. 8 (2004), pp.

Electrophoretically Infiltrated Silicon Carbide Composite, *Journal of Materials* 

Conjugated Polymers And Neat C60 Prepared By Electrophoretic Deposition,

Nano-Tips On Porous Anodic Alumina By Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition And The Field Emission Effects, *Nanotechnology*, Vol. 22, No. 23 (2011),

Alumina By Electrophoretic Deposition In A Strong Magnetic Field, *Journal of* 

Electrophoretic Deposition In A Rotating Magnetic Field*, Journal of the European* 

Coatings and Free Standing Objects, *Journal of Materials Science*, Vol. 39, No. 3

electrophoretic deposition from non-aqueous suspensions, In: *Innovative Processing and synthesis of ceramics, glasses, and composites,* Ed. Bansal N.P., Logan, K.V., Singh


Kaya, C.; Boccaccini, A. R. & Chawla, K.K. (2000). Electrophoretic Deposition Forming of

Kaya, C.; Kaya, F.; Boccaccini, A. R. & Chawla, K.K. (2001). Fabrication And Characterisation

König, K.; Novak, S.; Iverkovic, A.; Rade, K.; Mang, D.; Boccaccini A.R. & Kobe, S. (2010).

*The European Ceramic Society*, Vol. 30 (2010), pp. 1131-1137, ISSN 0955-2219 Kooner, S.; Westby, W.S.; Watson, C.M.A. & Farries, P.M. (2000). Processing of NextelTM

Laubersheimer, J.; Ritzhaupt-Kleissl, H.-J.; Haußelt, J. & Emig, G. (1998). Electrophoretic

Lessing, P.A., Erickson, A.W. & Kunerth, D.C. (2000). Electrophoretic Deposition [EPD]

Ma, J. & Cheng, W. (2002). Electrophoretic Deposition Of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics,

Meng, X.; Kwon, T.-Y.; Yang, Y.; Ong, J.L. & Kim, K.-H. (2005). Effects Of Applied Voltages

Moreno, R. & Ferrari, B. (2000). Effect Of The Slurry Properties On The Homogeneity Of

Put, S.; Anné, G.; Vleugels, J. & Van der Biest, O. (2004), Advanced symmetrically graded

Ren, C.; He, Y.D. & Wang, D.R. (2010). Al2O3/YSZ Composite Coatings Prepared By A

*Oxidation of Metals*, Vol. 74, No. 5-6 (2010), p. 275-285, ISSN 0030-770X Riahifar, R.; Raissi, B.; Marzbanrad, E. & Zamani C. (2011) Effect Of Parameters On

Vol. 83, No. 10 (2000), pp. 2341-2359, ISSN 0002-7820

*Research Bulletin*, Vol. 35, No. 6 (2000), pp. 887-897

(2004), pp. 881-888, ISSN 0022-2461

1888, ISSN 0002-7820

ISSN 1359-6454

ISSN 0257-8972

ISSN 0955-2219

0002-7820

10.1002/jbm.b.30497

Nickel – Coated – Carbon – Fiber - Reinforced Borosilicate – Glass - Matrix Composites, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society*, Vol. 83, No. 8 (2000), pp. 1885-

Of Ni-Coated Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Alumina Ceramic Matrix Composites Using Electrophoretic Deposition, *Acta Materialia*, Vol. 49, No. 7 (2001), pp. 1189-1197,

Fabrication of CNT/SiC/SiC Composites By Electrophoretic Deposition. *Journal of* 

720/Mullite Composition Composite Using Electrophoretic Deposition, *Journal of The European Ceramic Society*, Vol. 20, No. 5 (2000), pp. 631-638, ISSN 0955-2219 Krause, D., Thomas, B.; Lienenbach, C.; Eifler, D.; Minay, E J. & Boccaccini, A.R. (2006) The

Electrophoretic Deposition Of Bioglass Particles On Stainless Steel And Nitinol Substrates, *Surface & Coatings Technology*, Vol. 200, No. 16-17 (2006), p. 4835-4845,

Deposition of Sol-Gel Ceramic Microcomponents Using UV-curable Alkoxide precursors, *Journal of The European Ceramic Society*, Vol. 18, No. 3 (1998), pp. 255-260,

Applied To Reaction Joining Of Silicon Carbide And Silicon Nitride Ceramics, *Journal of Materials Science*, Vol. 35, No. 35 (2000), pp. 2913-2925, ISSN0022-2461 Lewis, J.A. (2000). Colloidal Processing Of Ceramics, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society,* 

Journal of The American Ceramic Society, Vol. 85, No. 7 (2002), pp. 1735-1737, ISSN

On Hydroxyapatite Coating Of Titanium By Electrophoretic Deposition*, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials*, Published online 16 December 2005 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:

Alumina Deposits Obtained By Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition, *Materials* 

ceramic and ceramic-metal composites, *Journal of Materials Science*, Vol. 39, No. 3

Novel Sol-Gel Process And Their High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance,

Deposition Pattern Of Ceramic Nanoparticles In Non-Uniform AC Electric Field,

*Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics*, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2011), pp. 40–46, ISSN 0957-4522


**Part 2** 

**Physical Deposition Process** 


**Part 2** 

**Physical Deposition Process** 

68 Ceramic Coatings – Applications in Engineering

Wang, Z.; Shemilt J. & Xiao P. (2000a). Novel Fabrication Technique For The Production Of

Wang, Z.; Xiao, P. & Shemilt J. (2000b). Fabrication Of Composite Coatings Using A

Westby, W.A; Kooner, S.; Farries, P. M.; Boother, P. & Shatwell, R. A. (1999). Processing Of

Yamaguchi, S.; Yabutsuka, T.; Hibino, M. & Yao, T. (2009). Development Of Novel Bioactive

Yau, J.K.F. & Sorrell, C.C. (1997). High-Jc (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x Tapes Fabricates By

You, C.; Jiang, D.; Tan, S. (2004) Deposition of Silicon Carbide/Titanium Carbide Laminar

Zhang, Y.A; Wu, C.X.; Lin, J.Y.; Lin, Z.X. & Guo, T.L. (2011). An Improved Planar-Gate

Zhitomirsky, I. & Gal-Or, L. (1997). Electrophoretic Deposition Of Hydroxyapatite, *Journal of* 

Zhitomirsky, I. & Petric, A. (2000). Electrophoretic Deposition Of Ceramic Materials For Fuel

Zhitomirsky, D.; Roether, J.A.; Boccaccini, A.R. & Zhitomirsky, I. (2009). Electrophoretic

*Processing Technology*, Vol. 209, No. 4 (2009), p. 1853-1860, ISSN 0924-0136

*Materials*, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2005), pp. 206-211, ISSN 0897-4756

Science, Vol. 257 (2011), pp. 3259-3264, ISSN 0169-4332

42, No. 7 (2000), pp. 653-659, ISSN 1359-6462

29, No. 5 (2009), p. 1584-1588, ISSN 0928-4931

2219

2632, ISSN 0167-577X

ISSN 0921-4534

4530

2055-2061, ISSN 0955-2219

Ceramic/Ceramic And Metal/Ceramic Composite Coatings, *Scripta Materialia*, vol.

Combination Of Electrochemical Methods And Reaction Bonding Process, *Journal of the European Ceramic Society,* Vol. 20, No. 10 (2000), pp. 1469-1473, ISSN 0955-2219 Wang, Z.; Shemilt J. & Xiao P. (2002). Fabrication of Ceramic Composite Coatings Using

Electrophoretic Deposition, Reaction Bonding And Low Temperature Sintering, *Journal of The European Ceramic Society*, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2002), pp. 183-189, ISSN 0955-

Nextel 720/Mullite Composition Composite Using Electrophoretic Deposition, *Journal of Materials Science*, Vol. 34, No. 20 (1999), pp. 5021-5031, ISSN 0022-2461 Xiao, X. F. & Liu, R.F. (2006). Effect Of Suspension Stability On Electrophoretic Deposition

Of Hydroxyapatite Coatings, *Materials Letters*, Vol. 60, No. 21-22 (2006), pp. 2627-

Composites By Electrophoretic Deposition, *Materials Science and Engineering C*, Vol.

Electrophoretic Deposition, *Physica C,* Vol. 282-287, Part 4 (1997), pp. 2563-2564,

Ceramics by Electrophoresis and Densification by Spark Plasma Sintering, *Journal of The American Ceramic Society*, Vol. 87, No. 4,(2004), pp. 759-761, ISSN 0002-7820 Yui, T.; Mori,T.; Tsuchino,T.; Itoh,T.; Hattori, T.; Fukushima, Y. & Takagi, K. (2005) Synthesis

of Photofunctional Titania Nanosheets by Electrophoretic Deposition, *Chemistry of* 

Triode With CNTs Field Emitters By Electrophoretic Deposition, Applied Surface

*Materials Science: Materials in Medicine*, Vol. 8, No. 4 (1997), pp. 213-219, ISSN 0957-

Cell Applications, *Journal of the European Ceramic Society,* Vol. 20, No. 12 (2000), pp.

Deposition Of Bioactive Glass/Polymer Composite Coatings With And Without HA Nanoparticles Inclusions For Biomedical Applications, *Journal of Materials* 

**3** 

 *1Romania 2Portugal* 

**Magnetron Sputtered BG Thin Films:** 

**Peculiarities of Bioglass Sputtering** 

*National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele* 

**and Bioactivity Behaviour** 

George E. Stan1 and José M.F. Ferreira2 *1Nanoscale Condensed Matter Physics Department,* 

**An Alternative Biofunctionalization Approach –** 

*2Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Aveiro* 

Nowadays orthopaedic and dental metallic prostheses are widely used in the medical field, the most common being 316L stainless steel, Co-Cr alloys, titanium (Ti) or Ti superalloys. These metallic materials were preferred due to their good mechanical performance, adequate stiffness, non-magnetic properties and to their intrinsic property of promoting on their surface in contact with air or biological media a very thin and biologically inert oxide film (Cr2O3 in case of stainless steel and Co-Cr alloy or TiO2 for (Ti) and Ti alloys), which could act as a metallic ions diffusion barrier layer. However, due to corrosion in the aggressive biological media, this thin protective layer could easily be shattered locally and metallic ions could enter the biological environment causing adverse reactions. Allergies, bone necrosis and the accumulation of metal particles in organs were detected in some cases

The new generation of orthopaedic and dental implants aims towards the increase of biocompatibility by replacing the biotolerated metallic surfaces with bioactive ones. For increasing the bioactivity of prostheses and implants, there were designed devices coated with biologically active materials such as hydroxyapatite, simple or doped with different metallic ions or functional groups, various calcium phosphates, and more recently, bioglasses and glass-ceramics. Therefore, considerable attention has been given to the use of

The commercial solution currently applied worldwide is the orthopaedic and dental titanium implants biofunctionalized with thick (>50 μm) bioactive coatings of

Although this type of implant structure proved to be successful clinically, there are still significant deficiencies hard to ignore (e.g. low mechanical strength, difficulty in controlling

implants with bioactive fixation in the past decade (L.L. Hench & J. Wilson, 2003).

hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] prepared by plasma spraying.

**1. Introduction** 

(C. Brown et al., 2006; C. Brown et al., 2007).
