**4.2 Part two references**

[2.1] Buxbaum, G. and Pfaff, G., Industrial Inorganic Pigments, Third, Completely Revised, *\_*c WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim, 2005.

1. The results obtained in this research according to the Taguchi method, provide optimum values for pH, temperature, concentration of SnCl2 solution, time and stirring

2. According to SEM investigation, a relatively good and homogenously flat coating is

3. The effects of using surfactant are: formation of a homogenous thickness of coating, specifically on the flakes surfaces and absence of intra particles agglomerations of SnO2.

4. XRD analysis of the optimum sample before and after calcination show the amorphous

5. Colourimetry measurements show a bright golden appearance of the optimum

6. Light microscopic observation of the coated flakes using a polarized filter shows that the majority of the flakes have the golden colour, implying the final interference

Thanks are due to Mrs M. Esfidari who helped for preparation of second part of this chapter.

[1.1] Glausch, R., Kieser, M., Maisch, R., Pfaff, G., Weitzel, J., Special Effect Pigments,

[1.2] Pfaff, G., Franz, K.-D., Emmert, R., Nitta, K., Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

[1.4] Pfaff, G., High Performance Pigments (Ed.: Smith, H. M., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002,

[1.12] Buxbaum, G. and Pfaff, G., Industrial Inorganic Pigments, Third, Completely Revised,

[2.1] Buxbaum, G. and Pfaff, G., Industrial Inorganic Pigments, Third, Completely Revised,

[1.7] Greenstein, L. M., Pigment Handbook, Part 1, Wiley, New York, 1988, p. 829.

*\_*c WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim, 2005.

*\_*c WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim, 2005.

Chemistry: Pigments, Inorganic, see Section 4.3, 6th edn. (electronic release), VCH

pigment colour of the optimum synthesized pigment is a golden one [2.23].

velocity of 2.5, 65 ºC, 40 g/lit, 7h and 200 rpm respectively.

formed on the mica platelet at the optimum conditions.

and crystalline phase of SnO2 and Casiterite respectively.

This is not the case without using the surfactant.

Vincentz Verlag, Hannover, 1998.

Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1998. [1.3] Pfaff, G., Chem. Unserer Zeit 31, (1997), p. 6.

[1.6] Bäumer, W., Farbe + Lack 79 (1973), p. 747.

[1.10] Hofmeister, F., Eur. Coat. J. 3 (1990), p. 80.

[1.5] Ostertag, W., Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. 42 (1994), p. 849.

[1.8] Schmidt, C., Friz, M., Kontakte (Darmstadt) 2 (1992), p. 15. [1.9] Pfaff, G., Reynders, P., Chem. Rev. 99 (1999), p. 1963.

[1.11] Hofmeister, F., Pieper, H., Farbe + Lack, 95 (1989), p. 557.

**2.5 Chapter conclusions** 

pigment.

**4. References** 

**3. Acknowledgement** 

**4.1 Part one references** 

p. 77.

**4.2 Part two references** 


**Part 5** 

**Application in Foundry** 

[2.23] M. Esfidari, "Preparation of Pearlescent Pigments for Low Temperature Glazes", MSc Thesis, Ceramic Department, Iran University Of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran 2005.

**Part 5** 

**Application in Foundry** 

258 Ceramic Coatings – Applications in Engineering

[2.23] M. Esfidari, "Preparation of Pearlescent Pigments for Low Temperature Glazes", MSc

Iran 2005.

Thesis, Ceramic Department, Iran University Of Science and Technology, Tehran,

**9** 

*Republic of Serbia* 

**Ceramic Coating for Cast House Application** 

The coatings for moulds and cores represent an integral part of castings production. Basic role of ceramic coatings is to form an efficient refractory barrier between the sand substrate and liquid metal flow during the phase of casting, solidification and forming of the castings. This provides a smooth and clean surface of castings, with no adhered sand or defects due to metal penetration into the mould (lumps, dents, rough surface and alike). Dimension accuracy and surface appearance of castings depend both on metal and mould. In casting practice, sand casting technology is widely applied for castings production. Quartz sand mostly used in the composition of mould and core blends has a number of faults – low refractoriness, high heat expand coefficient, causing casting surface faults, especially when metals and alloys with high melting temperatures are concerned. Higher quality mould blends based on zircon, olivine, chromite, sinter magnesite containing much better thermalphysical properties than quartz sand are relatively less applied for their high pricing. Various additions to mould blend are used more frequently, as well application of ceramic coatings on moulds and cores. Application of higher quality ceramic coatings significantly influences either reduction or elimination of expensive cast house cleaning and machining

operations for the castings, thus directly reducing production costs of a foundry.

casting surface quality (Svarika 1977, Tomović 1990).

A practice to coat sand moulds and cores in order to improve the surface quality is dated from 19th century, when so called "black coating" was applied, based on graphite, silicadioxide and chamotte dispersed in water, with molasses as a binding agent. This kind of coating is very simple, but its application was efficient at the time for improvement of the

Depending on use, contemporary coatings represent mixtures of ceramic materials in a solvent with suspension agent and binding agent. Coating composition analyses show that these consist of a number of components. Ceramic coatings influence both an improvement of the existing casting methods and a development of the new ones, primarily expandable & meltable pattern casting (EPC process and precision investment casting). A completely new concept of coating development has arisen over the past decades with some producers in a form of electrostatic coating with powder, coatings based on aluminium molecular oxides in a form of fishbone and alike. Coating development should be carried out through systematic researches in order to make an optimum choice of the coating for concrete casting methods,

**1. Introduction** 

Zagorka Aćimović-Pavlović1, Aurel Prstić1,

Ljubiša Andrić2, Vladan Milošević2 and Sonja Milićević<sup>2</sup> *1University of Belgrade, Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, 2Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials* 
