**2.1. Techniques and instruments**

The techniques allude to specific and particular action procedures for compiling information related to the research method used. In this case, the compilation of information was made from non‐participant observation, individual and group interviews, and the analysis of stu‐ dents' narratives about their experience in school.

Observation is the process of rapprochement with the object of study, which allows having a vision of the context, its development, and the events that happen. Observation is a systematic description of incidents, events, and behaviors in the social scene studied [16]. Observation is useful to researchers in a variety of ways, as they provide methods for revising nonverbal expressions of feelings, determining who interacts with whom, allowing participants to under‐ stand how participants communicate with each other, and verifying how much time is being spent on particular activities [17].

In order to do this, the field journal was one of the instruments used, through the registration of all relevant information for the investigation, the recording of topics, people, impressions, comments, and other significant events.

In this description throughout the observation process, we were part of the study group, to the point that the members included us in some of the activities performed.

In addition to the observation, the interview was used, which is "the most usual form of face‐ to‐face verbal exchange" [18], one of its forms of application is the unstructured interview, which "attempts to understand the complex behavior of the members of a society without imposing any prior categorization that may limit the field of investigation" [18]. Besides, the interview is inevitably related to the context, historical and political elements, a situation that rejects any hint of neutrality; therefore, it can be used for or against participants or groups that are interviewed.
