**Author details**

perturbations that exist on the skin per heart beatings [54]. To reduce the skin's impedance, an electroconductive gel was employed between the skin and PEDOT:PSS channels. The OECTs recorded heartbeats with Ids amplitude of ca 0.1 μA equivalent to measuring signals at the gate with amplitudes of ca 50 μV whereas traditional electrocardiograms monitor

**Figure 10.** ECG recording with a bioresorbable OECT operated in direct contact with the skin. (a) Wiring diagram of the experiment. (b) Measured drain‐source current (bottom, left axis) as obtained during transistor recording (Vgs = 0.5 V, Vds = −0.3 V) and comparison with a normal electrocardiogram potentiometric recording with standard disposable leads

(top, right axis) [53]. Copyright © 2014 WILEY VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Wearable electrochemical transistors as a platform for real‐time detection of biomarkers in external biological fluids was demonstrated with a simple device structure [55]. Drain, source, and gate PEDOT:PSS electrodes were screen printed on textile fabrics. Adrenaline, dopamine, and ascorbic acid in artificial sweet were sensed in the order of tenths of μM concentrations. The device operation was stable despite several hand‐washing cycles and deformations.

spikes at ca 500 μV, **Figure 10b**.

176 Different Types of Field-Effect Transistors - Theory and Applications

Zhihui Yi1,2 and Jonathan Sayago3 \*

\* Address all correspondence to: jjsayago@ier.unam.mx

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

2 Center for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Foresty, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

3 Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico

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