**Acknowledgements**

The authors thank the support of the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (AFES) School of Natural Resources and Extension at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the support of the Department of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Bologna, Italy. Ms. Watcharee Ruairuen was funded by Suratthani Rajabhat University, Thailand. GJ Fochesatto was supported by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Elena B. Sparrow was supported by the International Arctic Research Center and Alaska EPSCOR, also at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Mingchu Zhang was supported by USDA NIFA Multi state NC-1179 funding through the Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks
