**4. Conclusion**

Bisphenol‐A (BPA), found ubiquitously in our environment, has received a tremendous amount of attention from research scientists, government panels and the popular press. Extensive investigational work has been and is still being carried out in various fields like: (1) mechanisms of BPA action; (2) levels of human exposure; (3) routes of human exposure; (4) pharmacokinetic models of BPA metabolism; (5) effects of BPA on exposed animals and (6) links between BPA and cancer. BPA interferes with hormone signalling via two mechanisms: altering the availability of ovarian hormones and altering binding and activity of the hormone at the receptor level [120–122].

Besides understanding the probable human health hazards, study of BPA effect on model organisms facilitates our concern to the issues like biodiversity loss, environmental degrada‐ tion and overall imbalance in ecological functioning. Today's world is extremely dependent on plastics, and this dependency inevitably brings the challenges of BPA exposure to the environment. Invertebrate and vertebrate fauna from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems get affected equally, and the situation is going worse every day. Tantalizingly, the role of BPA in biodiversity loss is not being analysed when the issue comes on the table for discussion. So, mass awareness is to be build up among the people that include students, scholar, acade‐ mician, conservationist, wildlife activist, NGOs working with environmental issues, policy‐ makers and politicians across the nation. It is hard to make BPA free world, but the extent of its adverse effect could be mitigated by our concern and consciousness.
