**Author details**

both 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays [29]. Seputheisoflavone (**132**) from *Ptycholobium contortum* was active in the ABTS assay [87]. Isoflavones from the *Astragalus mongholicus* were examined for antioxidant potential in DPPH assay. Results indicated that Calycosin (**81**) and Calycosin-7-O-

The *in vitro* antiprotozoal activity of isoflavan quinines from *Abrus precatorius* was tested against *Plasmodium falciparum* (K1 strain), *Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense* (STIB 900 strain), *Trypanosoma cruzi* (Tulahuen strain C2C4 w/LacZ) and *Leishmania donovani* (strain MHOM/ ET/67/L82). Abruquinone D (**239**) and abruquinone K (**241**) were the most active against *T. brucei rhodesiense* [38]. Pumilanol (**29**), an isoflavan from *Tephrosia pumila*, exhibited significant antiprotozoal activities against *T. brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi* and *L. donovani* [46]. Sophoronol C (**164**) and Sophoronol E (**166**) exhibited moderate anitplasmodial activity

Daidzein (**64**) and Daidzin (**65**) possess a vasorelaxant action through opening of K+

activity may be beneficial to patients with obstructive cerebrovascular diseases [126].

**Compound name Activity Significance Ref.**

oxide (NO) production

Glabrene (**257**) Tyrosinase inhibition Significant

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

and inhibition of Ca2+ influx in the vascular smooth muscle cells. This cerebral vasodilator

Other studies reported on the effects of isoflavonoids on specific enzymes are presented in

a-glucosidase inhibitory Weak [5]

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Significant

Significant inhibition

inhibition

Significant activation

inhibition

[6]

[23]

[92]

[114]

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric

Professor Dr. Ahmed A. Seif El-Dien, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt. (Born in: 9 September 1948–passed away in:

glucopyranoside (**108**) are more active than Formononetin (**58**) [80].

against the CQS D10 strain of *P. falciparum* [91].

84 Flavonoids - From Biosynthesis to Human Health

**Table 7**.

Tlatlancuayin (**84**) 2′,2,5-Trimethoxy-6,7-

Achyranthoside A (**118**) Achyranthoside B (**119**)

Erythraddison IV (**183**)

Sophoraisoflavanone A (**169**) Kenusanone H (**170**)

methylenedioxyisoflavanone (**181**)

Erysubin F (**21**), Erythraddison II (**99**) Echrenone b10 (**100**), Erythraddison III (**182**)

**Table 7.** Effect of isoflavonoids on specific enzyme activities.

**Dedication**

19 December 2016).

Ahmed I. Foudah1 and Maged Saad Abdel-Kader1,2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: mpharm101@hotmail.com

1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

2 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
