12. Other minor flavonoids: intake and food sources

Chalcones, dihydrochalcones, and dihydroflavonols are three minor subclasses of flavonoids. Food composition data on these classes are limited and only available in Phenol-Explorer [16], but not in the USDA database [13]. Chalcones are found in beer and broad beans, and their mean intake is very low (<0.01mg/day expressed as glycosides) (Table 2). Dihydrochalcones are present in apples and derived products (e.g., cider and apple juice). The mean intake is between 1.5 and 3mg/day expressed as glycosides [17, 26], except in Poland where the intake is double (Table 2) [32, 33]. The principal food source of dihydroflavonols is wine, and therefore, the countries with a greater intake of wine, such as France and MED countries, have the highest consumption (∼5mg/day expressed as glycosides) (Table 2) [17, 26]. Countries with a low wine intake, such as Poland, have a negligible intake (<0.1mg/day expressed as glycosides) [33].
