**Predictions for Weed Resistance to Herbicides in Brazil: A Botanical Approach A Botanical Approach**

**Predictions for Weed Resistance to Herbicides in Brazil:** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68336

André Andres, Germani Concenço,

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André Andres, Germani Concenço, Fábio Schreiber, Dirceu Agostinetto, Leandro Vargas, João Behenck, Giovanni Antoniaci Caputo and Ygor Sulzbach Alves Fábio Schreiber, Dirceu Agostinetto, Leandro Vargas, João Behenck, Giovanni Antoniaci Caputo and Ygor Sulzbach Alves

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68336

#### **Abstract**

The intensive use of herbicides in agriculture has led to the appearance of resistant weed biotypes. Resistance is the inherited ability of a plant to survive following application of an herbicide dose which should be lethal. Morphophysiological weed traits help defining the risk to evolve resistance. These traits are not exclusive to the species but may be innate to botanical order, family, or genus. Four reference countries were screened about the nature of resistance—Australia, Canada, France, and the United States—and the data were used for predictions in the Brazilian scenario. Most weed species with resistant biotypes in the reference countries seem to be native to the continent. The most important botanical families with resistant biotypes in the reference countries were also among the first ones to develop resistance in these countries. There was a predominance of C3 species over C4 in the number of plant species with resistant biotypes in the reference countries. In Brazil, three orders are considered as high risk (Gentianales, Lamiales, and Solanales), besides the six already present. Furthermore, eight botanical families present superior risk to evolve resistance and for five of them (Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Solanaceae), resistance cases have not been reported to date in Brazil.

**Keywords:** weed species, botanical traits, herbicide, plant selection, carbon metabolism
