**4. Results and discussion**

326 Biodiesel – Feedstocks and Processing Technologies

DYNALOG, PCI 1050 system has been used for digital data acquisition during the engine trial. Online engine calibration (Fig.10) with a special software namey "Engine-soft". The very brief specifications are Number of channels (16); Resolution (12- bit A/D); Input range

Engine was coupled to a swinging field separating exciting type DC generator and loaded by electrical resistance bank to apply various load. An iron-constantan thermocouple measured exhaust gas temperature and mercury thermometer measured cooling water temperature. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (NO*x*) and hydrocarbons (HC) were measured by DELTA 1600-L and MRU OPTRANS 1600, a fully microprocessor controlled system employing nondestructive IR technique. A U-tube manometer measured specific fuel consumption. TI diesel tune, 114-smoke density tester measured smoke particulate

The engine was started on neat diesel fuel and warmed up till liquid cooling water temperature was stabilized. During the performance of each trail, data were collected on time taken for 10 ml of fuel, load, exhaust gas temperature, cooling water inlet and outlet temperature, CO, CO2, O2, HC, NOx, smoke and sound. Graphical comparisons are described in the results and discussion. Smoke samples were collected in a white filter paper; this was taken for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis to find the size of the particulate matter and to visualize the quantity of agglomeration. The SEM image is shown

( ± 10 V, ± 5V, 0 -10 V); Accuracy ( 0.025%) and Conversion time (8 µs).

Fig. 10. Engine Calibration with "Engine-Soft"

number.
