**Introductory**

cleavage embryos may be observed by morphokinetic markers and spatiotemporal analysis and innovated computer hardware and software analysis to determine embryo developmen‐ tal speed, sex, etc. Simultaneous monitoring of molecular processes enables the study of con‐

mRNAs direct embryonic development. New study showed that differential demethylation process results in differential parental gene expression in the early developing embryos that

showed different factors affecting gene expression during early embryo development, which included epigenetic factors, focusing on methylation profiles. The effects of noncod‐ ing RNAs on gene expression were thoroughly evaluated. Based on the products of gene expression, an available metabolic and proteomic approach as the noninvasive molecular

bility. If this molecular composition of cultivation media can be used as an additional nonin‐ vasive procedure to choose an embryo for selective transfer, it will be very useful to

vitro culture environment, including culture media, incubator type, and gas concentration. Thus, an optimum for embryo in vitro culture plays important roles in improving embryo quality and pregnancy rate. In the last part of this book, an interesting research report has been listed, which showed the favorable response of individual patient's embryos to media and incubators. Some patents' embryos grow very well in one kind of medium, but it does not grow well in the other medium. Thus, in human IVF clinic practice, using two media and two incubators for embryo culture could significantly improve IVF/ICSI embryo quality

I thank all authors who devoted their time and expertise to prepare these outstanding chap‐

a series of gene expression. In the early stages, maternal

Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

a review paper that

A new discovery, the alpha-1 chain of

a close relationship with in

**Bin Wu, PhD, HCLD (ABB)**

Tucson, Arizona

USA

a quantitative biomarker of embryo via‐

nections between genetic expression and cell physiology and development.

may have an impact on the correct development. Thus, Part III listed

assessment of embryo viability has been described.

Embryonic quality, cleavage speed, and gene expression have

the human haptoglobin molecule, may be used as

improve human IVF pregnancy outcome.

and increase pregnant rates.

ters included in this book.

Cleavage embryos experience

VIII Preface
