**Author details**

necessary in the future to carry out additional research work on a larger number of diverse curvatures of the kyphosis spine with real persons, to confirm the findings of this research.

The results of the CASP analysis and measured back length are collected in **Table 1**. It is evident that CASP values, especially Curvature—C and Acceleration—A, accrue with an increase in the spine deformity. It seems that parameters Symmetry—S and Proportionality—P are independent of spine deformity, which was expected, because Symmetry—S measures differences between the left and right sides of the body. While the body was generated synthetically with a 3D computer program, the differences are negligible. The proportionality—P depends on the observation frame, where the quotient is calculated between the length and width. In

With an increase in the spine deformity, the back height increased, **Table 1**. The back length was measured with a computer program on a virtual model and was 33.19 cm for the normal spine, for the slightly curved spine 33.51 cm, and it increased for the strongly curved spine up to 36.31 cm. With an increase in the spine deformity, the bodice length on the back is too short and on the front too long. Therefore, the bodice in the front moves back to the neck, and thus compensates for the lack of the bodice length on the back. The result is an increase in the bodice tension in the area of neck and armholes when the deformity of the spine increases.

Virtual 3D models and virtual prototyping present an important approach to individual design and manufacturing. However, an individual treatment requires both sufficient time and suitably qualified people; therefore, not everybody can afford it. The future purpose is to enable virtual prototyping, including the design, construction, and visualization of adapted garments for people with postural disorders and spinal deformities to become more auto-

The size of an object does not matter while CASP methodology performs normalization. For a scoliotic case, not all four parameters are observed, but just *C* and *A* while they show the

The ideal human body is symmetrical. The producers of ready-made garments cannot consider the deformity of a body caused by scoliosis, because they are specific and differ from case to case. Therefore, the only solution to improve the appearance and fit of the garment

In this chapter, advanced approaches such as virtual prototyping and multipurpose methodology CASP were used for designing dress patterns for people with postural disorders and spinal deformities such as scoliosis and kyphosis. Individuals can be analyzed with this methodology

mated with 3D scanning, CASP methodology, and an established protocol.

seems to be to adapt the garment pattern design to individual people.

**4. Results and discussion**

86 Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders

this case, the frame was the same for all models [25].

curvature and acceleration of the back shape.

**5. Conclusions**

Andrej Cupar<sup>1</sup> \*, Zoran Stjepanovič<sup>2</sup> , Simona Jevšnik3 , Rija Erveš<sup>4</sup> and Andreja Rudolf<sup>2</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: andrej.cupar@um.si

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Structures and Design, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

3 Inlas, Slovenske Konjice, Slovenia

4 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
