Preface

**Section 3 Innovative Approaches to the Scoliosis-specific Exercise**

**Patients 93**

**VI** Contents

Chapter 5 **A Pilot Study on the Effect of Outpatient Schroth Exercises on Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Curves in Adult Scoliosis**

Shu-Yan Ng, Wing-Yan Chan, Tsz-Ki Ho and Yin-Ling Ng

Chapter 6 **Sagittal Alignment in Spinal Deformity: Implications for the**

Chapter 7 **Postural Restoration: A Tri-Planar Asymmetrical Framework for**

Susan Henning, Lisa C. Mangino and Jean Massé

**Section 4 Innovative Approaches to the Brace Treatment of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders 167**

Chapter 8 **The Principles and Biomechanics of the Rigo Chêneau**

**Section 5 Innovative Approaches to the Surgical Treatment of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders 181**

Chapter 9 **Fusionless Correction of Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic**

**Scoliosis with a New Minimally Invasive Dynamic Implant (ApiFix®) and Postoperative Schroth Scoliosis Specific**

**Section 6 Innovative Approaches to the Treatment of Postural Balance in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders 193**

Chapter 10 **The Quantified Indices for Compensatory Patterns for Low Back Pain and Outcome Measures 195**

Grant I. Wood and Manuel Rigo

**Exercises-Case Series 183**

Paul S. Sung and Pamela Danial

Yizhar Floman and Michael A. Millgram

**Non-Operative Care Practitioner 113**

**Spinal Dysfunctions 135**

**Type Brace 169**

**Treatment of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders 91**

Prachi Bakarania, Hagit Berdishevsky, Kelly Grimes and John Tunney

**Understanding, Assessing, and Treating Scoliosis and Other**

It is with great pleasure that we present this book on the very latest innovative approaches to the management of patients with spinal deformities and postural disorders. We sincerely hope that you enjoy reading the ten chapters included within and that this new knowledge and information will serve as a platform for continued innovations and improvements in the management of this patient group.

Spinal deformities and postural disorders are becoming much more common these days with the increasing numbers of older people, where approximately 70% of elderly people over the age of 70 years have some types of spinal deformity. Postural disorders are also increasingly present in younger people due in some part to the huge expansion in mobile devices.

The book is comprised of six distinct sections on the innovative approaches to the measure‐ ment, personalised care, exercise, brace and surgical treatment, as well as the latest treat‐ ment for patients with spinal disorders who experience balance problems.

The six sections include the following:

Section 1 discusses the "Measurement of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders" and includes two chapters. One chapter presents the "Limits of Normality and Symmetry in Standing Back Shape and Posture in Normal Young Adults", whilst the second chapter in this section discusses the "3D Spine and Full Skeleton Model for Opto-electronic Multi-Sen‐ sor Biomechanical Analysis".

Section 2 discusses a number of very interesting "Innovative Approaches to the Personalised Care of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders". These include two highly original chap‐ ters on personalised care using computational simulation and virtual prototyping of garments.

Section 3 is on the use of "Innovative Approaches to the Scoliosis-Specific Exercise Treat‐ ment of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders" and includes three chapters as follows: "A Pilot Study on the Effect of Outpatient Schroth Exercises on Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Curves in Adult Scoliosis Patients". The second chapter is on the "Sagittal Alignment in Spi‐ nal Deformity: Implications for the Nonoperative Care Practitioner", and the third chapter discusses a very interesting and not very well-known approach to the treatment of patients with spinal deformities and postural disorders called "Postural Restoration: A Tri-Planar Asymmetrical Framework for Understanding, Assessing and Treating Scoliosis and Other Spinal Dysfunctions".

Section 4 presents a detailed chapter on "The Principles and Biomechanics of the Rigo Chêneau-Type Brace", whilst Section 5 of the book discusses an "Innovative Approach to the Surgical Treatment of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders" and discusses a very exciting chapter on the "Fusionless Correction of Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with a New Minimally Invasive Dynamic Implant (ApiFix®) and Postoperative Schroth Sco‐ liosis-Specific Exercises: Case Series".

Finally, the last section presents an "Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Postural Bal‐ ance in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders".

We very much hope that you and all service users—patients, clinicians, researchers and oth‐ ers—will enjoy reading this very interesting and exciting book on the latest innovations in the management of patients with spinal deformities and postural disorders. We greatly wel‐ come any feedback or comments and look forward to hearing from you. We would like to thank Ms. Mirena Calmic for all her help with all aspects of getting this book completed.

#### **Editor: Dr. Josette Bettany-Saltikov**

PhD, MSc, MCSP, PGCHE Senior Lecturer and Chartered Physiotherapist Programme Leader, Doctorate of Health and Social Care, Teesside University Institute of Health and Social Care, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

#### **Co-Editor: Dr. Sanja Schreiber**

PhD, RK, Schroth Scoliosis Instructor, and Adjunct Assistant Professor Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada **Innovative Approaches to the Measurement of Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders**

with a New Minimally Invasive Dynamic Implant (ApiFix®) and Postoperative Schroth Sco‐

Finally, the last section presents an "Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Postural Bal‐

We very much hope that you and all service users—patients, clinicians, researchers and oth‐ ers—will enjoy reading this very interesting and exciting book on the latest innovations in the management of patients with spinal deformities and postural disorders. We greatly wel‐ come any feedback or comments and look forward to hearing from you. We would like to thank Ms. Mirena Calmic for all her help with all aspects of getting this book completed.

**Editor: Dr. Josette Bettany-Saltikov**

Doctorate of Health and Social Care,

Middlesbrough, United Kingdom

Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine,

**Co-Editor: Dr. Sanja Schreiber**

University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada

Senior Lecturer and Chartered Physiotherapist Programme Leader,

PhD, RK, Schroth Scoliosis Instructor, and Adjunct Assistant Professor

Teesside University Institute of Health and Social Care,

PhD, MSc, MCSP, PGCHE

liosis-Specific Exercises: Case Series".

VIII Preface

ance in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders".

**Provisional chapter**
