**Preliminary Safety Evaluation of Bamboo Pyrolysis Products: Charcoal and Vinegar Products: Charcoal and Vinegar**

**Preliminary Safety Evaluation of Bamboo Pyrolysis** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68542

Han Chien Lin Han Chien Lin Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68542

#### **Abstract**

The bamboo charcoal is manufactured in earth kilns with the temperature at 700–800°C from Moso bamboo (*Phyllostachys heterocycla*). Bamboo vinegars, by-products of the charcoal, are collected from the chimney outflow of earthen kiln at six different temperatures at 80–150°C, and with categories over 80, 90–92, 99–102, 120–123, and 145–150°C during the pyrolysis of the charcoal. The preliminary safety evaluation using the Ames test for the bamboo charcoals has no cytotoxicity and mutagenicity toward *Salmonella typhimurium* TA98 and TA100 with S9 mix and without S9 mix. This suggests that the charcoal can not only be considered to be a safe pigment for food but also be used as a natural moisture-proof material. The safety of the bamboo vinegars shows that neither cytotoxicity nor mutagenicity toward *S. typhimurium* TA98 and TA100 with S9 mix at the diluting percent content of vinegars is lower than 20.00% or less and without S9 mix is at 33.33% or less, and the reverse mutation assay (antimutagenic activity) denotes that the vinegars express this dose-dependent inhibitory effect against both 4-nitroquinoline-*N*-oxide and aflatoxin B<sup>1</sup> in *S. typhimurium* TA98 and TA100. The main compounds in the vinegars may partially account for the safety evaluation of biological action.

**Keywords:** pyrolysis, bamboo charcoal, bamboo vinegar, Ames test, mutagenicity
