**1. Introduction**

Housing is one of the human basic needs apart from food and clothing. Everybody has the right to occupy a comfortable house. The reason is that house plays an essential role in human life. Without house humans cannot live comfortably as it importantly contributes to the daily human health, meaning that the indoor and outdoor human activities are also determined that their houses are comfortable [22].

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A livable house should be safe, healthy, comfortable, and adequately equipped, as prescribed in the Act of Building Construction Number 28/2002 and the Regulation of the Ministry of Public Works Number 25/PRT/M/2007 dated on August 9, 2007 concerning "Pedoman Sertifikasi Laik Fungsi Bangunan Gedung" (Guideline for Functionally Comfortable Building Construction) [2].

where different types of bamboo can grow which can be used as concrete reinforcement. This present study gives a new opportunity that bamboo can be used as the reinforced concrete

Safe, Simple and Comfortable House with Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Structure

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68543

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The brick masonry tested was made at Keramas village, Gianyar regency (one of the villages close to Pengotan village). The mortar space was made of Portland cement and sand with the

The bamboo tensile strength was obtained using the procedure regulated in the prevailing

Based on the concrete compressive strength and bamboo tensile strength, the nominal moment of the beam could be analyzed. Beam dimensions were 110 mm width and 250 mm

shows the process of how the bamboo reinforcement was assembled. **Figure 4** [22] shows the

This present study is an experimental one with the treatment by subject design. This method was chosen in order to be able to analyze the four factors of life quality, such as safety, thermal comfort, subjective comfort, and the life satisfaction of the user, after the simple houses with

was used for beam 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d while

. **Figure 3** [22]

structure of the simple house resistant to the earthquake and wind.

proportion one to four. The testing process is described in **Figure 1** [23].

material tensile strength test in the laboratory, as shown in **Figure 2** [22]

for beam 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d was used bamboo reinforcement area of 1200 mm2

*2.1.1. The brick masonry*

**2.2. Research design**

*2.1.2. Result of the bamboo tensile strength test*

*2.1.3. The nominal moment and ultimate moment*

height. The bamboo reinforcement area of 400 mm2

loading test of the bamboo reinforced concrete beam.

the bamboo reinforced concrete structure were constructed.

**Figure 1.** The brick masonry compressive strength test.

It is highly possible for the natural disasters such as the earthquake and wind to take place in Bali as an island which is densely populated enough [4, 20]. It is recorded that the earthquake referred to as "Gejer Bali" which took place in 1815 cost 1500 lives; the earthquake referred to as "Gempa Buleleng" which took place in 1862; the Negara earthquake took place in 1890, the Gejer Bali earthquake occurred again in 1917 and cost 1500 lives, the Seririt earthquake occurred in 1976 and cost 560 lives, the Karangasem earthquake took place in 1979 and cost 24 lives. Several other earthquakes that were responsible for the material loss have also been recorded.

The bamboo has a high strain force and available almost everywhere in Indonesia, especially in Bali. Therefore, it is necessary to construct simple livable houses with bamboo reinforced concrete structure, which are resistant to the earthquake and wind. The reason is that they can be con‐ structed using the cheap local building materials [5]. In addition, such houses are functionally fea‐ sible. However, it was necessary to test them to identify how reliable and comfortable they were and to what extent they could satisfy the dwellers. The test was done by building two types of simple houses; one is the simple traditional Bali age house and the simple modern Balinese house.

The six criteria of the appropriate technology (technical, economic, ergonomic, socio cultural, energy saving, and environmentally friendly) with the systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary and participatory (SHIP) approach are relevantly applied starting from when a house is planned, constructed, and maintained. The design of a house should develop and grow based on what is needed by people; it should not be designed by other parties with particular objectives [1]. The designer should pay attention to the human dimensions (the human ability and limitedness) [25]. A house should be designed based on the user; it should be constructed in such a way that it can reduce the possible negative impact and improve the user's comfort. If it is designed based on what is needed and expected by the user, it can improve the quality of his/her life [6].

As times go by, an idea has appeared recently that the local wisdom should be applied to overcoming the human problem and environment. The reason is that it is easily accepted by the local people. Exemplifies [18] the concept *Tri Hita Karana* especially the relationship between the user of a house with his/her ancestors and the relationship between him/her with his/her environment, the concept *Tri Mandala* which suggests that a compound should be divided into three zones: they are the highest "hulu" zone, the middle "tengah" zone, and the lowest "teben" zone; the concept *Tri Angga*; the house should be physically divided into three parts: they are the roof, the body (wall), and the foot (foundation).
