**9. Research prospects of bamboo ascomycetes**

Currently, 1300 fungi have been recorded on bamboo substrates. These are including 150 basidiomycetes [3], 800 ascomycetous species, 240 hyphomycetous taxa, and 110 coelomycetous taxa. It provides large opportunities on the utilization of fungi on bamboo. For example, species in *Hypoxylon* Bull., which form large stromata, can be easier to see on bamboo culms. In the recent years, a new secondary metabolite named lenormandins, which are further representatives of the well-known azaphilones [66], was found from *Hypoxylon* spp. More than 18 species in *Hypoxylon* have been occurred so far on bamboo (**Figure 11**). There may be some other interesting unknown azaphilones in *Hypoxylon* species, which may still wait for extraction. Numerous fungi from bamboo were documented, and some pathogens were isolated as well, such as *Arthrinium phaeospermum* (Corda), M.B. Ellis, and *Phyllachora graminis* (Pers.) Fuckel. Approximately 300 bamboo fungal diseases were so far reported [5–7, 67], which provides the essential step to understand ecosystem communication [3]. It is showed that some bamboo ascomycetes have a high value in medical treatment, such as *Engleromyces goetzi*, *H. bambusae,* and *S. bambusicola*. However, their effective compounds can be only obtained from stromata, which cannot be cultivated successfully at the moment [68]. The phylogenic relationship between *H. bambusae* and *S. bambusicola* needs to be carried out to understand the reason why *H. bambusae* produces more hypocrellin than the latter. Many interesting and subsequent studies on bamboo ascomycetes are still awaiting and needs to be conducted, and large numbers of new ascomycetous taxa on bamboo are also still waiting for collection and isolation.

Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (2017ZZX186), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. NSFC 31760013, NSFC 31260087, NSFC 31460179, and NSFC 31460561). The authors would like to thank the Yunnan Province Universities of the Science and Technology Innovation Team for the exploitation and utiliza-

A Review of Bambusicolous Ascomycetes http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76463 179

Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan,

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Dong-Qin Dai, Li-Zhou Tang\* and Hai-Bo Wang

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**Author details**

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