**10. Conclusions**

Bamboo plays an important role in the forest ecosystem and is treated as an economic plant for human. Studying the bamboo fungi can provide the chances for controlling bamboo pathogens and promoting bamboo cultivation. Based on our study, more than 1300 bamboo ascomycetes have so far been described or recorded; however, most of them do not have detailed morphology or sequence data. Even some important ascomycetous species still need re-studying. The morphologic characters of bamboo ascomycetes are various in their ascomata, asci, and ascospores (**Figures 5**–**7**). They occur on different genera of bamboo host; however, most of the hosts have not been identified to species level. Bamboo ascomycetes are diverse in their taxonomic placements, with more than 120 families and 400 genera distributed according to the references. Phylogenic analyses of bamboo ascomycetes need more study and should focus on protein genes. It is recommended that more fresh specimens need to be collected in the future, and the existing species should be epitypified or designated as reference specimens. Efforts are required in naming the taxa to avoid confusion, such as *Hypocrella bambusae*. Host species names should be identified in the future for those willing to work on host specificity.
