**Preface XI**



Chapter 8 **Entrepreneurship and Interdisciplinary School Projects of Vulnerable Students in Santiago de Chile: Experiences from the "123 Emprender" Program 141** Marianela Denegri-Coria, Pamela Salazar-Valenzuela, Pamela Canales-Poo and Alejandra Gallo-Poblete Chapter 9 **The Hijab as Gift: Mechanisms of Community Socialisation in**

Preface

This is the first book that highlights how socialization is experienced as being a complex con‐

It represents the first attempt to provide an original and multidimensional definition of sociali‐ zation that takes into account the contribution of different disciplines, such as cultural anthro‐ pology, philosophy, psychology, sociology, education, and even architecture, to underline the importance of socialization as a key aspect of human experience. The authors, representing dif‐ ferent countries, offer original contributions to develop new perspectives in the field of sociali‐

The first chapter of the book is on the interesting theoretical perspective of analyzing the process of socialization. It shows how socialization is a process of acquiring the societal culture and has rational and irrational sides. The rational side is revealed when an individual develops the ability to reflect the world discretely, normatively, through symbols, and, thus, reflexively. The irration‐ al side represents a process of transforming the original extrasubjective needs of the individual in emotional satisfaction into the orientation toward the experience of certain emotional states con‐ nected with the possibilities of satisfying the needs in the conditions of a particular society and culture. It underlines how the socialization processes, in the emergence of the socially deter‐ mined and latent, although contradictory levels in the value orientation system, are expressed. The second chapter shows how the transitivity crisis situation in the world can have a particu‐ larly negative impact on socialization in a multicultural space, associated with various prob‐ lems, e.g., in the uncertainty and destruction of identity and multiplicity, with difficulties in the socialization processes. Challenges and consequences of sociopsychological transitivity are ana‐ lyzed in relation to ethnic identification based on native, rather than the most commonly used language, with an idealized attitude toward their ethnos, which lead to ethnocentrism, and a

The third chapter describes the theoretical background underlying the collaborative work and overviews the recent studies concerning social skills, especially from a psychological point of view. In addition, it demonstrates the psychological effect of collaborative block creation; col‐ laborative LEGO block creation works as a medium of communication in group therapy for

The fourth chapter reviews the research on gamification approach in education and socializa‐ tion. It shows that different activities, that could affect success in online environments, are es‐ sential. These activities must be integrating them into the educational environment, supported

The fifth chapter addresses the socialization processes for the development of empathy, sympa‐ thy, and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents. It shows how parents can model their children to exhibit empathy, sympathy, and prosocial behavior. With their own perspectives,

sympathy, and feelings, parents contribute to prosocial development in their children.

by theories appropriate for students' ages, so as not to lose their motivation.

zation, with their ideas, theories, researches, scientific results, and discussions.

cept in everyday life in various countries of the world.

negative attitude toward alien nations.

developing social skills and trust.

