**Appendix**

Typologies of European health systems in the last 30 years.



**Appendix**

66 Advances in Health Management

**Period 1985–2000** OECD p. 24 [10] responsible author GJ

WHO, pp. 115–6 [11] responsible authors R. Saltmann and J. Figueras

European Parliament, p. 18 [13] responsible authors E Jakubowski and R. Busse

**Period 2000–2015** *Non-analytical typologies*

Schieber

Typologies of European health systems in the last 30 years.

**Author (year) Type of analysis/methods Typology/countries Classifying criteria**

> Coverage Financing Ownership

Financing

Financing

Spatial neighborhood

Busse et al., p. xi [15] Non-analytical/descriptive Tax-financed system

Financing Ownership

Non-analytical/descriptive Beveridge model—UK ands Italy

Turkey

Non-analytical/descriptive Main system/supplementary system

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Denmark, UK, and Ireland

Norway, Sweden, and UK High private share—Portugal Social security contribution system

and the Netherlands

Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg

Figueras et al. [14] Non-analytical/descriptive Northern macro-region—Sweden, Norway, Finland,

Bismarck model—France and Germany Mixed model—the Netherlands

Non-analytical/descriptive Mainly taxed based—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, and UK

Mixed system—three subgroups

Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain

system)—ex-communist countries

Private insurance—US, no European country

Mainly insurance based—Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland

Systems in transition (mainly Bismarckean type)—Israel and

Systems in transformation I (from insured to taxed system)—

Systems in transformation II (from Semashko to insured

Public taxation/private VHI and direct payments—Finland,

Public taxation/direct payments—Denmark, and Portugal Social contributions, insurance/private VHI, direct payments, public taxation—Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, and

Mixed compulsory social insurance and private voluntary health insurance/public taxation, direct payments—the

Center Western macro-region—France, Germany, Austria, the

High public share—Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Spain,

High public share—Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg,

High private share—Austria and Switzerland Mixed model (mainly private financed)—Greece

Center Eastern macro-region—Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, and Lithuania Southern macro-region—Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece

Greece, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Spain, and UK

