**7. HAE in childhood**

Episodes of angioedema and abdominal pain can begin in childhood; however, an accurate diagnosis is often delayed leading to the administration of inadequate or incorrect therapies and even to death [55, 67]. Moreover, life‐threatening laryngeal edema can be the first clinical presentation [67, 68]. Therefore, it is crucial to scan the entire family, including children, in a newly diagnosed patient. In this way, the disease can be detected and serious angioedema attacks can be prevented through prophylactic or therapeutic modalities [55].

A consensus of treatment strategies in pediatric patients with HAE was reported in 2007 [69]. Afterwards, a German group covered the treatment options in pediatric patients and addressed the problem that previous consensus reports could not meet the needs of indi‐ vidual countries because of different approved drugs. Therefore, they suggested treatment strategies for German‐speaking countries and pointed out that in every country physicians should consider the approved treatment options in their country before choosing an off‐label drug approved in other countries [55].

For long‐term prophylaxis, the only choice is plasma‐derived C1‐inh. Androgens should be avoided for long‐term usage. If plasma‐derived C1‐inh is not available, danazol can be substituted for short‐term prophylaxis [55]. Although the effectiveness of tranexamic acid is lower than the androgens, in children tranexamic acid can be used for long‐term prophylaxis [55].

The drugs used in the management of HAE in children are shown in **Tables 2** and **3** [34].
