**Author details**

since deviations from the target duration were large during the self‐paced tapping for the 1000‐ms interval (i.e., the ability to estimate a 1000 ms interval was poor), accurate movement in the continuation phase would be more difficult. If the syncopation tapping of the interval for 2000 ms is adopted as the pacing interval, the subjects should be able to accurately esti‐

**Figure 8.** Correlation for the mean ITI between task 1 (target duration: 1000 ms) and the continuation phase of task 3

For ISI > 5000 ms, estimation of temporal duration was shown to involve memory [15], which concurs with the finding in our study that reactive tapping markedly increased with an ISI of 5000 ms. Reactive tapping is one when the movement is performed after identification of a stimu‐ lus, and indicates that the prediction of the next stimulus input was difficult. Therefore, for an ISI of 5000 ms, negative asynchrony and positive asynchrony were intermingled and the SE distri‐ bution was broad. Regarding the syncopation pattern, positive asynchrony had a larger spread because participants were not able to react to the stimulus since there was no stimulus corre‐ sponding to the tap. These findings showed the 5000 ms task is performed in a nonrhythmical manner and relies on memory more than timing. True rhythm should refer only to events within the time scale of short‐term memory [11]. Intervals of 5000 ms are likely too long for the facilita‐ tion of movement using pacing, as movement under both the synchronization and syncopation

mate the halfway point of the time interval.

(target duration: 2000 ms).

70 Clinical Physical Therapy

Masanori Ito\*, Yuki Takahashi, Satoshi Fujiwara and Naoki Kado

\*Address all correspondence to: itou@sumire‐academy.ac.jp

Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe College of Rehabilitation and Welfare, Kobe‐shi, Hyogo, Japan
