Preface

Chapter 8 **Frequency-Synthesized Approach to High-Power Attosecond Pulse Generation and Applications: Applications 153**

Alexey Zaytsev, Wei-Jan Chen and Chao-Kuei Lee

Vladimir L. Kalashnikov

**VI** Contents

Chapter 9 **Theory of Laser Energy Harvesting at Femtosecond Scale 173**

Chapter 10 **Self-Focusing of High-Power Laser Beam through Plasma 197**

Mahdi Habibi and Majid Davoodianidalik

Ci-Ling Pan, Wei-Fan Chen, Chieh-Chuan Chen, Chan-Shan Yang,

Laser is one of the most applicable sources of energy that can be used in a large variety of applications such as defense, industries and medicine. The special characteristics of this source of energy make it very interesting for different applications. One of the unique char‐ acteristics of laser, compared to other light sources, is the coherence. Coherence is a unique property of lasers that results in a very narrow beam with very limited diffraction compared to other light sources. Also, the laser can be focused to a very small beam diameter and this will perform at very high energy densities. Laser is a directional source of energy, and by utilizing optics, it can be directed to a desired path.

This book includes an interesting and recent collection of relevant research on the develop‐ ment of high-powered laser systems. It includes topics such as using a variety of methods to generate laser pulse in the femtosecond and attosecond range with different wavelengths. The book includes 10 chapters.

In Chapter 1, *High-Power Laser Systems of UV and Visible Spectral Ranges*, three different exci‐ mer lasers with a variety of peak powers are discussed. The authors showed with experi‐ ments that a peak power of 14 TW can be achieved. Chapter 2, *High-Brightness and Continuously Tunable Terahertz-Wave Generation*, focuses on generating high brightness tera‐ hertz wavelength radiation. The authors also revealed that by controlling the pumping, one can optimize the tuning curve. In Chapter 3, *High-Power, High-Intensity Contrast Hybrid Fem‐ tosecond Laser Systems*, authors consider hybrid lasers by combining chirped pulse amplifica‐ tion (CPA) with optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA). They also review several systems that are used around the world.

Chapter 4, *New Generation of Ultra-High Peak and Average Power Laser Systems*, considers the output peak power by extracting during pumping (EDP), as well as generating short pulses using polarization-encoded chirped pulse amplification (PE-CPA). They use Ti:Sa crystals and achieve 200 J output power. In Chapter 5, *Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked High-Power Thin-Disk Oscillators*, the authors review the femtosecond Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk technology as a great potential for future applications. They also review the challenges of this method including mode-locking initiation, thermal lensing, and oscillator stability.

Chapter 6, *Developing High-Energy Dissipative Soliton 2 μm Tm 3+ - Doped Fiber Lasers*, discuss‐ es the mid-infrared wavelength sources with 2-micron fiber. The authors show that by using the new model, they could achieve a steady 10 nJ pulse power. In Chapters 7 and 8*, Frequen‐ cy-Synthesized Approach to High-Power Attosecond Pulse Generation and Applications: (I) Genera‐ tion and Diagnostics (II) Applications*, the authors discuss the theory of a new scheme of highpower attosecond laser. They also discuss the application of this method in Chapter 8, separately. In Chapter 9, *Theory of Laser Energy Harvesting at Femtosecond Scale*, the authors

considered femtosecond pulse energy scaling using dissipative soliton generation by two methods of solid-state and fiber mode-locked lasers. In Chapter 10, *Self-Focusing of High-Power Laser Beam through Plasma*, the authors study the beam laser characteristics during the interaction with generated plasma. They discuss the self-focusing and defocusing in laser plasma interaction.

This book is a relevant reference source for researchers as well as engineers working with high-powered laser systems around the world. I would like to acknowledge my PhD advis‐ er Prof. Radovan Kovacevic who helped me with his great inputs, as well as my lovely wife Neda who has always supported me to achieve my goals in life.

Challenges in any field are what keeps you alive!

**Masoud Harooni, PhD** Product Manager – Laser Welding TRUMPF Inc. USA **Chapter 1**

**Provisional chapter**

**High-Power Laser Systems of UV and Visible Spectral**

Three high-power excimer laser systems with apertures of 25 and 40 cm of the output laser beam are described. The first and second laser systems consist of four and five excimer lasers, respectively. Third system consists of Ti:Sa front end and XeF(C-A) amplifier. The experimental results of the generation of the high-quality and high-power laser pulses are presented. Laser beams with pulse energy of up to 330 J (308 nm, 250 ns) and

**Keywords:** excimer laser systems, discharge, e-beam, hybrid laser system, laser pulse

Laser systems on the noble-gas halides are the most powerful and effective sources of the coherent radiation in the UV spectral range. Nowadays, these systems serve as a unique means for solving fundamental and applied problems (e.g., inertial nuclear fusion, the physics of the interaction of the superintense radiation with matter, the generation of the x-ray radiation, the

Nike (United States) is the most powerful excimer laser system, generating radiation pulses with energy of up to 5 kJ at a pulse duration of 240 ns on full width half maximum (FWHM) and a wavelength of 248 nm [1]. The aperture of the output amplifier of this system is 60 × 60 cm. The system was created and applied to solve the problem of laser thermonuclear fusion. It is used in the experiments on the generation of high-power nanosecond pulses and their interaction with a target. The second largest excimer laser system (Super-Ashura) was created in Japan [2]. The aperture size of the output amplifier is 61 cm. This system generates radiation pulses with an energy

acceleration of particles in the presence of superstrong electromagnetic field, etc.).

**High-Power Laser Systems of UV and Visible Spectral** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.71455

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Nikolay Ivanov, Valery Losev, Yury Panchenko and

Nikolay Ivanov, Valery Losev, Yury Panchenko and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

peak power 14 TW (450 nm, 50 fs) were obtained.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71455

**Ranges**

**Ranges**

Viktor Tarasenko

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Viktor Tarasenko

**Provisional chapter**
