**Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: An Advanced Method for the Detection of** *Giardia* **Method for the Detection of** *Giardia*

**Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: An Advanced** 

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70804

Carmen Gallas-Lindemann, Poornima Sureshkumar, Michael J. Noack and Isaia Sotiriadou Sureshkumar, Michael J. Noack and Isaia Sotiriadou Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70804

Carmen Gallas-Lindemann, Poornima

#### **Abstract**

[59] Makiuchi T, Nozaki T. Highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelles in anaerobic parasitic protozoa. Biochimie. 2014;100:3-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.018

[60] Tachezy J, Smid O. Mitosomes in parasitic protists. In: Tachezy J, editor. Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;

[61] Tachezy J, Sanchez LB, Muller M. Mitochondrial type iron-sulfur cluster 15 assembly in the amitochondriate eukaryotes Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis, as indicated

[62] Midlej V, Penha L, Silva R, de Souza W, Benchimol M. Mitosomal chaperone modulation during the life cycle of the pathogenic protist Giardia intestinalis. European Journal of Cell

[63] Luján HD, Marotta A, Mowatt MR, Sciaky N, Lippincottschwartz J, Nash TE. Developmental induction of Golgi structure and function in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1995;270:4612-4618. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.9.

[64] Stefanic S, Morf L, Kulangara C, Regös A, Sonda S, Schraner E, Spycher C, Wild P, Hehl AB. Neogenesis and maturation of transient Golgi-like cisternae in a simple eukaryote.

[65] Ebneter JA, Heusser SD, Schraner EM, Hehl AB, Faso C. Cyst wall-protein-1 is fundamental for Golgi-like organelle neogenesis and cyst wall biosynthesis in Giardia lamblia.

Journal of Cell Science. 2009;122:2846-2856. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.049411

Nature Communications. 2016;15:13859. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13859

by the phylogeny of IscS. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2001;18:1919-1928

Biology 2016;95:531–542. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.08.005

2008. p. 201-230

108 Current Topics in Giardiasis

4612

This chapter provides a reliable and quick method for detection of *Giardia duodenalis* (which causes a dangerous diarrheal disease), prevention of further spreading, identification of the source of contamination, and eventually minimize health risk and economic damage normally caused by an outbreak. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method is based on the enrichment of parasite-specific nucleotide sequences, similar to PCR, but it is significantly faster and less susceptible to interference. Here, we give an overview of how we developed this method, and using the example of *G. duodenalis* as a water-associated pathogen, we present an optimized examination scheme for its detection in water. For this purpose, we have analyzed data from extensive electronic libraries PubMed®/MEDLINE®, filtered out relevant articles with a keyword search, and summarized them. The number of publications on LAMP method has generally increased steadily since its first report in 2000. LAMP, used for detection of *Giardia*, especially surpasses all other methods due to the high specificity, sensitivity, robustness, and cost effectiveness. The ever-increasing number of publications on application of LAMP is similar to the development of PCR in the 1990s of the last century. Certainly, the method will be further developed in future, but it already offers many advantages over other methods for effective detection of *G. duodenalis* infections and will therefore certainly gain in popularity.

**Keywords:** loop mediated isothermal amplification, molecular detection, water, feces
