**4. Conclusions**

Frequent recurrence of urinary stones after initial treatment makes metaphylaxis crucial in chil‐ dren. Suitable metaphylaxis must be preceded by complete metabolic evaluation. Increasing fluid intake and optimizing the diet are the first steps in urinary‐stone metaphylaxis. When these measures are not sufficient, medical treatment must be added. Most recommendations for metaphylaxis in children are based on studies involving adults, and, therefore, more stud‐ ies involving children are called for.
