**2. ESWL in treatment of gallstones**

When ESWL was first used for gall stone lithotripsy, it was combined with bile acid ther‐ apy, which was only effective against non‐calcified cholesterol stones. That is the reason why ESWL was only used against these types of stones [9]. However, some recent studies have proven that ESWL combined with bile acid therapy showed no significant improvement in gall stone clearance in comparison to ESWL alone [21, 22].
