**4.1. A smartphone, a potential cause of crash?**

According to the article, "The real reason you're told you put your mobile in flight mode" published on the website Travel Truths, "Some more begrudgingly than others – as their signals interferes with navigation instruments, and could even cause a crash." One thing that is true in this is that any smartphone or a mobile phone has flight-mode application.

In this article, Patrick Smith, a pilot and the author of Cockpit Confidential, answered "yes" to the assumption that smartphone can cause a crash although he added to his answer "technically" and "but it's more an exercise of caution."

He said: "Aircraft electronics are designed and shielded with interference in mind." This statement, though, it mitigates the fear of air crash related to the use of mobile phone on flights, confirms albeit the assumption of a smartphone being a source of explosion to cause fire. He even clearly added that cellular communication can disrupt cockpit equipment but in all likelihood no.

Moreover, France 24 reported on its website that Samsung Galaxy Note 7 was added to no-fly list of some flight companies and the Federal Aviation Agency called on travelers not to fly with this smartphone that is potentially explosive.

Many incidents, a total of 35, were reported relating to the explosion of the said telephone. On September 10, 2016, the phone exploded as a kid was watching a video on it [13]. He was seriously burned and was taken to the hospital; he was afraid since then to touch a smartphone. On September 05, 2016, the explosion of another Samsung Galaxy Note 7 caused damages of an amount of Australian \$1800 in a hotel in Australia [14]. The company accepted to refund the amount of money to the hotel. As we said before, there were 35 incidents related to the explosion caused by the Samsung Smartphone.

Samsung Galaxy Note 7 explosion reported by France 24 is not the only incident related to mobile explosion in general.

In Togo, Simlawo et al. reported a case on accident caused by a mobile phone [15]: "**Evisceration caused by the explosion of mobile phone battery: A rare form of domestic accident in a child"**

A 7-year-old child in a second grade was admitted to the Emergency Room of the Regional Hospital Center (RHC) of Lomé Commune for abdominal open trauma with bowel evisceration due to a domestic accident. The child was playing outside the house as the garbage was burning from about 5 m distant. Accidentally, there was an explosion of a mobile phone battery out of the burning garbage. The exploding battery hit the child on the left flank, which led to an abdominal open trauma with bowel evisceration. The bowels could be seen at about 50 cm in evisceration (**Figure 1**). The evisceration was made by an abdominal injury located on the left flank with bruised sides and oval of about 5 cm from the large axle. The injury was not hemorrhagic. The other part of the abdomen had no specific problem. The agent that caused the trauma was brought to the hospital. It was a cubic metallic ball of 5 cm long and 3 cm thick. It was the battery of a mobile phone that exploded while it became overheated. **Figure 2** shows the battery and its exploded portion.

Mobile phones in general use batteries made of lithium ion that is potentially explosive. In the developing countries, there is no particular policy of recycling that can help get rid of these batteries. Although mobile phones are very useful nowadays and almost every household possess one, the management of their damaged batteries must comply with physicochemical rules. It is also necessary to make a rational and strict management of household wastes in general and in particular, to recycle the mobile phone batteries that are out of use.

#### **4.2. Lack of information on the dangerous aspect of smartphones**

Besides, students craving for smartphones or cell phones happen to be multitasking [12]. Multitasking robs working memory' capacity on the one hand, and on the other hand, when responding to emotionally gratifying distracters a task is approached in a more superficial

Moreover, empiric experiences showed that some people, especially young people, could no more depart from their telephones; not even for a second. They have become addicted to their telephones and probably for having pornographies on them or for entertaining some relationships like making love online, connecting to other people all around the world on social networks or whatever. It takes them the whole day and the whole night. Some can even hardly sleep, eat, or do their assignments as they are students. Therefore, for passing sleepless nights and for not eating, people with excessive and abusive use of smartphones happen to become sick and thin. Moreover, smartphone can reveal to be a source of corporal danger as well.

According to the article, "The real reason you're told you put your mobile in flight mode" published on the website Travel Truths, "Some more begrudgingly than others – as their signals interferes with navigation instruments, and could even cause a crash." One thing that is

In this article, Patrick Smith, a pilot and the author of Cockpit Confidential, answered "yes" to the assumption that smartphone can cause a crash although he added to his answer "techni-

He said: "Aircraft electronics are designed and shielded with interference in mind." This statement, though, it mitigates the fear of air crash related to the use of mobile phone on flights, confirms albeit the assumption of a smartphone being a source of explosion to cause fire. He even clearly added that cellular communication can disrupt cockpit equipment but in all likelihood no. Moreover, France 24 reported on its website that Samsung Galaxy Note 7 was added to no-fly list of some flight companies and the Federal Aviation Agency called on travelers not to fly

Many incidents, a total of 35, were reported relating to the explosion of the said telephone. On September 10, 2016, the phone exploded as a kid was watching a video on it [13]. He was seriously burned and was taken to the hospital; he was afraid since then to touch a smartphone. On September 05, 2016, the explosion of another Samsung Galaxy Note 7 caused damages of an amount of Australian \$1800 in a hotel in Australia [14]. The company accepted to refund the amount of money to the hotel. As we said before, there were 35 incidents related to the

Samsung Galaxy Note 7 explosion reported by France 24 is not the only incident related to

In Togo, Simlawo et al. reported a case on accident caused by a mobile phone [15]: "**Evisceration caused by the explosion of mobile phone battery: A rare form of domestic accident in** 

A 7-year-old child in a second grade was admitted to the Emergency Room of the Regional Hospital Center (RHC) of Lomé Commune for abdominal open trauma with bowel evisceration

true in this is that any smartphone or a mobile phone has flight-mode application.

way and it takes longer.

190 Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective

**4.1. A smartphone, a potential cause of crash?**

cally" and "but it's more an exercise of caution."

with this smartphone that is potentially explosive.

explosion caused by the Samsung Smartphone.

mobile explosion in general.

**a child"**

Many at times, notice is given on how to use smartphones but hardly a warning is given on the potential danger that can result from a mobile phone. Surprisingly, parents are unaware of dangers faced by children on smartphones [16].

**Figure 1.** Evisceration of the small intestine on the left edge.

**Figure 2.** The mobile phone battery modified by the heat.

According to another study on people's opinion about children using a telephone, as the issue is raised by the question, **"Should kids use smartphones?"** 60% say "yes" [17].

With all what that have been said and studied, children's vulnerability vis à vis the use of smartphone is no more to prove. Controversially as we can notice, parents are little or not at all informed on the probable dangers of smartphones and worse again on the protective measures to take. This can't help preserve children's health both psychologically and physically. In the case of the case report on Evisceration due to the mobile phone battery explosion, if information was divulgated on the chemical component of the battery and warning on its potential explosive danger, it could have been avoided to throw the battery in the household garbage. The explosion could be prevented. Therefore, the child could have escaped this accident.
