**Positioning Techniques with Smartphone Technology: Performances and Methodologies in Outdoor and Indoor Scenarios Performances and Methodologies in Outdoor and Indoor Scenarios**

**Positioning Techniques with Smartphone Technology:** 

10.5772/intechopen.69679

Paolo Dabove, Vincenzo Di Pietra and Andrea Maria Lingua Andrea Maria Lingua Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Paolo Dabove, Vincenzo Di Pietra and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69679

#### **Abstract**

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162 Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective

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pdf [Accessed: 7 March 2017]

IConAC.2016.7604979

2017]

Smartphone technology is widespread both in the academy and in the commercial world. Almost every people have today a smartphone in their pocket, that are not only used to call other people but also to share their location on social networks or to plan activities. Today with a smartphone we can compute our position using the sensors settled inside the device that may also include accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, teslameter, proximity sensors, barometer, and GPS/GNSS chipset. In this chapter we want to analyze the state-of-the-art of the positioning with smartphone technology, considering both outdoor and indoor scenarios. Particular attention will be paid to this last situation, where the accuracy can be improved fusing information coming from more than one sensor. In particular, we will investigate an innovative method of image recognition based (IRB) technology, particularly useful in GNSS denied environment, taking into account the two main problems that arise when the IRB positioning methods are considered: the first one is the optimization of the battery, that implies the minimization of the frame rate, and secondly the latencies due to image processing for visual search solutions, required by the size of the database with the 3D environment images.

**Keywords:** positioning techniques, image navigation, GNSS, sensors, GPS
