**4.2. Typology of the different mobile payment systems**

Respecting the different payment systems accepted in the establishments which this research assessed and interviewed, only 14.57% would confirm the adoption of a certain mobile payment system, specifically NFC payment systems (see **Figure 1**).

In light of these results, and as we stated above, providers should encourage information strategies which will positively influence the adoption of mobile payment systems.

### **4.3. Mobile payment providers**

Regarding the providers of the payment systems available to customers of the different merchants participating in this research, the vast majority of the respondents favored payment systems provided and supported by their associated financial entities (60.93%). On the other hand, the rest of respondents were undecided. Some of them adopted payment systems provided by external technology providers (14.57%), whereas the remaining respondents were indifferent to this matter (24.50%). In light of these findings, financial entities can be considered as the main providers of the payment systems adopted by the merchants. Therefore, these entities are expected to invest to a great extent in the different information campaigns regarding the new payment tools (**Figure 2**).

### **4.4. Perceived usefulness of mobile payment systems**

Regarding the perceived usefulness of these new payment systems, this research assessed the answers provided by the different merchants with the following results: 64.90% of respondents did manifest a high perceived usefulness. On the other hand, one-quarter of the respondents (26.49%) did claim that the usefulness of these payment systems was minor and insignificant (**Figure 3**).

• *To be honest*, *I have never heard about mobile payment systems or how they would operate*.

*with a banking account*; *this is how payments are finally completed*.

**4.2. Typology of the different mobile payment systems**

ment system, specifically NFC payment systems (see **Figure 1**).

*payment terminal*.

services.

*minal in the establishment*.

122 Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective

**4.3. Mobile payment providers**

regarding the new payment tools (**Figure 2**).

**4.4. Perceived usefulness of mobile payment systems**

• *Yes*, *mobile payment systems are employed in mobile devices which have been previously associated* 

• *They are a payment system using tools provided by the different banks*, *mostly a certain sticker you can attach to a mobile phone in order to complete payments involving amounts lower than 20 Euros* (*\$21 approx*.) *In this case*, *there is no need to use a PIN code or a digital signature*. *If the amount is higher than 20 Euros*, *then a validation is required by placing the device in close proximity to the* 

• *I consider mobile payment systems as modern and convenient*, *but I still believe they are difficult to* 

• *I only know mobile payments use some kind of contactless*, *scanning device on the data-phone ter-*

As the answers above show, we can classify merchants into two groups: those with the appropriate knowledge of mobile payment systems and have already adopted them and, on the other hand, merchants which are basically oblivious regarding these new payment tools. In light of these findings, especially with so many merchants ignoring mobile payment systems, providers of mobile payment services should encourage the development of information campaigns and strategies in order to drive the adoption and management of these payment

Respecting the different payment systems accepted in the establishments which this research assessed and interviewed, only 14.57% would confirm the adoption of a certain mobile pay-

In light of these results, and as we stated above, providers should encourage information

Regarding the providers of the payment systems available to customers of the different merchants participating in this research, the vast majority of the respondents favored payment systems provided and supported by their associated financial entities (60.93%). On the other hand, the rest of respondents were undecided. Some of them adopted payment systems provided by external technology providers (14.57%), whereas the remaining respondents were indifferent to this matter (24.50%). In light of these findings, financial entities can be considered as the main providers of the payment systems adopted by the merchants. Therefore, these entities are expected to invest to a great extent in the different information campaigns

Regarding the perceived usefulness of these new payment systems, this research assessed the answers provided by the different merchants with the following results: 64.90% of

strategies which will positively influence the adoption of mobile payment systems.

*implement successfully even if they enable a fast tool for customers to pay comfortably*.

**Figure 1.** Typology of the different payment systems accepted by participating merchants.

**Figure 2.** Preferred providers of mobile payment systems.

**Figure 3.** Perceived usefulness of the different mobile payment systems.

Relevant feedbacks from participating merchants were:


In spite of the high perceived usefulness of these payment systems, this research proposes that those financial entities involved in these new payment systems should reinforce their communication and information strategies following the findings exposed earlier in this study.

## **4.5. Drivers and barriers**

Relevant feedbacks from participating merchants were:

**Figure 3.** Perceived usefulness of the different mobile payment systems.

26.49%

124 Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective

• *This is a new trend and we have to adapt accordingly*.

• *I believe they could be rather useful and convenient*.

*use them should be properly informed in the first place*.

• *These payment systems would be rather convenient for our customers*.

*for the different transactions*. • *They might be useful in the future*.

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

• *They will facilitate the procedures and paperwork involved*.

• *Mobile payments are rather useful allowing for instant payments anywhere*.

• *These new tools will be useful for me since I will be able to collect payments anywhere*.

• *These payments mean that cash is no longer necessary and transactions will be faster*.

• *Customers will benefit the most from the new payment systems*; *they will pay comfortably*.

Low Average High

8.61%

64.90%

• *They ensure a greater convenience for customers while the business transactions are clearer*.

• *Everyone has some kind of mobile phone*; *with these new payment systems*, *our customers have a permanent*, *convenient access to their money*; *maybe this will prevent the additional charges we pay* 

• *These new tools would allow a faster*, *easier payment process for our customers*, *but those willing to* 

After reviewing the extant literature and assessing our respondents (**Figures 4** and **5**), we found that the most relevant factors negatively influencing the intention to use are the customer's lack of knowledge regarding the new technology (mentioned by 33.1% of respondents), followed by the scarce demand of a proper information on the new tools (18.5%), the level of perceived trust (10.6%), the cost of adoption (9.3%), the perceived lack of security (6%),and other technological issues (2.6%). It is worth mentioning that 11.9% of the respondents could not identify a single barrier or deterrent to the adoption of these new payment systems.

On the other hand, respecting the factors driving the intention to the use of mobile payment systems (**Figure 4**), it is worth noting factors such as the convenience and speed associated with these new tools (58.9%), merchants' perceived increase in security regarding the use of the new technology (14.6%), and improved sales turnover (9.3%), among other factors (4%).

#### **4.6. Benefits derived from the use of mobile payment systems**

In regard of merchants' perceived benefits when adopting the new payment tools, this research detected two different profiles clearly distinguished from each other; 29% of respondents could not identify any benefit whatsoever when using the new payment systems in a real-world environment, whereas, on the other hand, the remaining 71% of respondents could indeed perceive significant advantages and benefits such as the following: convenience, speed, improved time management, and lower cost of operation. We especially remark these factors since they are precisely the drivers, which the reviewed scientific literature suggests as the most relevant in this field. In order to improve the adoption of these new payment systems, this research identified again the need of proper information campaigns especially designed for the different merchants in order to divulge the benefits and advantages associated with the use of the new tools.

#### **4.7. Intention to use mobile payment systems**

Finally, after assessing respondents' intention to use new mobile payment systems, this research found a patent intention to use them in only 17.88% of the total respondents, reflecting the incipient penetration of this new technology regarding the majority of merchants in Spain. On the other hand, 82.12% of respondents did show no interest whatsoever in adopting the new payment systems.

**Figure 5.** Drivers influencing the adoption of mobile payments.
