**9. Conclusion**

Lymphocytic esophagitis is a newly described clinical and histologic condition that will probably be increasingly recognized upon the next years. Recent publications have allowed us to establish clear criteria, thus facilitating the diagnosis. Clinicians need to be aware of this entity because lymphocytic esophagitis may eventually be in the diagnostic algorithm of dysphagia.

Pathologists are increasingly recognizing this condition, which is an asset for research. With larger cohorts, we will be able to further characterize its worldwide epidemiology, clinical associations, as well as treatment and natural history. Single-cell analysis of the intraepithelial lymphocyte subtypes may help in understanding the pathophysiology of the condition and compare subgroups with compound eosinophilic esophagitis and those without. As Haque once said, "it is a condition in search of a disease."
