**1. Global problems**

Overpopulation is in the center of the global problems of humanity. Overpopulation is the primary cause of many other global problems, which are also influenced by some other minor factors. These global crisis phenomena are closely related.


There are a lot of synergistic interactions between these phenomena, for example:


These problems are further aggravated by the growing social differences between people, the problems of low schooling of people in poverty, and the lack of political unity of mankind (195 nonaligned nation states).

To address problems, overcome the overcrowding, reduce the per capita ecological footprint, tighten coordination of human activity, reduce social disparities, strengthen social solidarity, environmental protection, nature conservation, and climate protection, improve the education level of humankind, and improve public health, resources may be concentrated on vital scientific research. This way we can develop a sustainable global society in a healthy environment and rich biosphere.

In solving our global problems, biogeographical research plays a key role in four main areas:

