**Author details**

Sustainable agriculture means a production system where

self-purification). • Soil does not erode.

8 Pure and Applied Biogeography

tions as agriculture [42]

needs.

• The productivity of the agricultural area does not decrease.

• The living standards of the family of farmers are ensured.

• is a major source of anthropogenic climate change, • is a major source of environmental pollution, while

ture, agroforestry, and biodynamic farming.

the traditional ecological knowledge [45].

identified:

• Nonagricultural habitats and global biodiversity are also ensured.

external material and energy inputs (i.e., unsustainable in itself).

applied to the unit's environmental use and environmental load.

• The production does not lead to an increase in the environmental load.

• Soil, air, and natural waters do not get polluted (exceeding their degree of ecological

• The quantity and quality (nutritional value and safety) of products produced satisfy social

The presently dominant conventional agriculture is obviously unable to meet these condi-

• the productivity of agricultural lands can only be sustained through higher and higher

For the development of sustainable agricultural systems, only the "high technology" of agriculture is capable: the organic farming sensu lato. This includes organic farming, permacul-

The productivity, ecological efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of organic farming would be very high (much better than in conventional production) if all of these indicators were to be

The global human population boom and at the same time environmental pollution, damaging nature, and land use pose new challenges to agriculture in the field of sustainability and especially organic farming [43]. In this context, the biogeographical researches affect the cultivated plants, weeds, animal pests and pathogens, and their natural enemies [44], as well as

In the applied biogeographical research on agriculture, the following key issues can be

• Biogeography of grown plants, domestic animals, and their potential genetic resources

• Anthropogenic changes in biogeography, mix-up of flora and fauna [46]

• Greenhouse gases do not exceed the amount of absorbed quantity during production.

#### Levente Hufnagel

Address all correspondence to: leventehufnagel@gmail.com

Laboratory of Biometrics and Quantitative Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
