*3.2.3. Geomorphic processes*

Active and dominant geomorphic processes operating and hence influencing spatial distribution of plant and animals along the landscapes is mainly water movement. Running water has effected by speed, dissolution and rock weathering which is facilitated by dissolved oxygen. Slope allows ponding or slow movement of water, which influences multiple physical chemical and biological processes.

Slope gradient dictates even the type of soil coverage in the area in terms of soil depth, textural compositions and even soil fertility status, and therefore establishment of vegetation and habitats and animal species. **Plate 1** shows geomorphogenetic processes mainly combined water and slope gradient.

Major processes are gravity mass movement, creep, rock fall, which are all accelerated by steep slopes and over saturation rainfalls. Geomorphomogenetic processes are active in the entire area, steep slope areas being highly prone to soil and debris removal whereas the low-lying areas are active sinks of seasonal varied textural materials. **Plate 1(a)–(d)** below indicates dominant morphogenetic processes shaping the landscape in the area. **Plate 1(b)** is mainly depositions of eroded materials of varied texture due to heavy rainfall.
