**7. Conclusions**

2D materials represent the set of materials more prominent that will be exploited for electronic industry in the following three decades. The most representative 2D materials are graphene, graphane, graphone, graphyne, graphdiyne, silicene, silicane, germanene, germanane, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, borophene, *h*BN, TMDs, and MXenes. The main strategy to change electrical properties of 2D materials containing single‐ and multilayer nanoribons consists in modifying its structure band leading to dielectric, semiconducting, or semimetallic behaviours. Their electrical properties can be modified either by doping (addition of chemical elements), chemical modification (for example, hydrogenation for changing the sp2 orbitals into a sp or sp3 type), electrical field, or by means of strains (compressive and/or tensile type). The emerging fields called valleytronics and spintronics will be possible thanks to 2D materials. They are an exceptional family of materials that will enhance the light‐matter interaction to develop light emission, detection, modulation, and manipulation applications. The prospects for commercializing of 2D materials will be dependent not only on their performance, distinct advantages and capabilities but also on the ability of the researchers to achieve a production to large scale at low cost and their integration to the existing photonic and electronic platforms.
