**1. General overview**

Energy, the input to impulse the world's future, has been pointed out as the most important issue facing humanity in the next 50 years and crucial to solve issues like mitigation of pollu‐ tion, global warming, among others [1]. For instance, among diverse forms of energy used, over 70% is produced in or through the form of heat [2]. Heat is transferred either to input energy into a system or to remove the energy produced in a system. Considering the rapid increase in energy demand worldwide, intensifying heat transfer process and thereby reducing energy loss are becoming increasingly important tasks. That is why thermal management plays a crucial factor concerning apparatuses or machines performance; thermal dissipation role has been subjected to many investigations and is under the scope of the operational useful life of these devices and components.

Nanotechnology is a science that deals with diverse phenomenon's, properties', and materials' characteristics at the nanometric level (1 nanometer, nm = 10−9 m). Important and interesting discoveries have been realized in this field over the past 30 years. Among them, the discovery of Buckyball (C60) [3], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [4], and graphene isolation and identification [5] are just to mention some of them. During the last couple of decades, diverse techniques, equipment, and instrumentations have been devised, as well as various relevant and interest‐ ing characteristics and properties of these materials were sort out for the betterment of mankind.

Energy management becomes crucial for meeting the rising needs of mankind [2]. Nowadays, with increasing pressure of globalized markets and companies' profit race, a dramatic search is carried out for obtaining proper material performance; optimizing components and devices designs; improving efficiencies; reducing tools wear, materials consumption, and pollution; and obtaining the most possible revenue. In addition to issues regarding scrap materials, maintenance, and components wear among others, a hot topic in industry is the heat dissipa‐ tion. Avoiding or reducing the use of resources for cooling equipment, or simply reflected in wear/friction issues among metal-mechanic processes, there is a high demand for successful heat management and energy-efficient fluid-based heat transfer systems, with aid of reinforced materials.
