**5. Summary and outlook**

In summary, the recent most important advances in the field of ultrashort-pulsed lasers utilizing two-dimensional materials have been presented. A group of 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides, have unambiguously revolutionized the field of mode-locked fiber-based and solid-state lasers. The discovery of unique optical properties of graphene has initiated an extremely fast progress in the science of two-dimensional nanomaterials, which strongly contributed to the development of novel ultrafast laser sources. It is evident that the interest in 2D material-based photonics will not slow down in the next years.
