4.3. L41, Vero, and HLE-3 cell lines

It is known that the density of liquids depends on their temperature. Therefore, if the time range where the composition of the medium can be considered constant is selected, under certain conditions the spectrum of intensity fluctuations can be regarded as the energetic spectrum of chemical reactions occurring in the cell areas under study. Similarly, if a time range or the object segments with the temperature (density) that can be considered invariable is selected, the processes of mass transfer in live cells can be studied by variation of correlation

Cell cultures have been playing a more important and notable role in toxicological, pharmacological, and other investigations. That said, the sphere of their application has been widening, and the technique of in vitro culture has been getting upgraded and automated. Cell cultures are single cell groups grown in invariable conditions. Moreover, the researcher is allowed to vary these conditions within certain limits enabling themself to assess the effect of various factors such as pH, temperature, and amino acid concentration on cell growth. Cell growth can be assessed in a short time period or by increase of the cell count or size, or by inclusion of radioactive precursors into cellular DNA. These real advantages compared with investigations on intact animals

When working with cell cultures, we can obtain significant results only on a fairly small number of cells. Experiments requiring 100 rats or 1000 humans for clearing up some matter can be conducted using 100 cultures on cover glasses with equal statistical significance. So if every cell is regarded as an independent object of the experiment, one culture on a cover glass can give an answer as reliable as a clinic full of patients can. This is a significant advantage when it concerns humans; besides, it removes a number of ethical problems from the agenda

Cell culture monolayers are populations of cells having certain species and tissue origin growing on the surface of a carrier made of plastic, glass etc. A complete cell monolayer may cover more than 90% of the surface, with the cell membranes connected. In such conditions, an

Cell cultures may be roughly divided into two main groups: (1) continuous cultures that are capable of unrestrictedly long existence in vitro; (2) diploid ones obtained from normal body tissues retaining many features of the original tissue and capable of restricted (up to 50

(1) high-transformed ones, derived, as a rule, from various tumors and capable of existing in artificial conditions for an uncertain time, (2) low-transformed ones derived from normal

put cell cultures on a par with cultured microorganisms as an experimental system.

when it is necessary to use a large group of animals for an experiment.

average cell size is 20–30 μm at 5.5-μm thickness.

In turn, the first group is divided into two subgroups:

divisions) growth in an artificial medium.

coefficient <sup>η</sup> or average intensity <sup>~</sup>IðtÞ.

116 Optical Interferometry

4.2. Cell life cycles

4. Cultured cells as research target

4.1. Features and advantages of cultured cells

In compliance with the passport of L41 CD/84 cell line Ref. [32], a strain of continuous cells G-96 derived from the blood of a patient with monocytic leukemia is known, which was used in 1966 by Solovyov et al. to derive a subline (G-41) specifically resistant to Coxsackie B3 virus by triple treatment with large doses of the virus.

By its morphological features, L41 cell line is an even monolayer of distinct epithelium-like polygonal or roundish cells; there is a constant 4–6% share of giant cells. The cytoplasm is finegranular. The nuclei are roundish and contain 2–4 nucleoli. There are up to 6% abnormal mitosis forms. The share of cells with irregularly shaped nuclei is 8%. The monolayer was generated on day 3–5 from planting into a medium consisting of equal parts of Eagle medium and 199 medium with 10% bovine embryo serum. The cell maintenance medium contains necessary amino acids, salts, and glucose.

The culture is highly sensitive to poliomyelitis, Coxsackie B, ECHO-19, human adenovirus, and measles viruses.

Vero cell line was derived from normal simian renal cells (those of an adult African green monkey). The number of generations and passages: over 120 passages before the test start. The line has been used in a laboratory research since 1962. The monolayer forms on days 3–5 from the planting moment. The multiplying factor is 6–7 on day 5.

The morphological features: epithelium-like cells, polygonal, with notable vacuolization, and distinctly oriented growth zones.

The karyological characteristics: the cells correspond to the monkey karyotype by their structure—44 diploid cells, 3 hyperploid cells, and 53% hypoploid cells.

Species origin: monkey, confirmed karyologically. Data on contamination: no bacteria, fungi, or Mycoplasma detected. The cell line is maintained in the growth medium + 10% glycerin in liquid nitrogen. About 80–85% cells restore on defrosting. The culture is highly sensitive to poliomyelitis viruses and arboviruses.

HLE-3 cell line was derived by Yekaterinburg Institute of Viral Infections (YRIVI) staff from normal human lung tissue. The technique for obtaining this cell line was developed in the cell line laboratory of YRIVI by Glinskikh et al. in 1980 from the lung of a 12-week human embryo from a healthy female whose genelogy was free from malignant or hereditary diseases.

The number of generations and passages: 20 passages at most before the test start.

The monolayer forms on days 4 and 5 from the planting moment. The morphological features: fibroblastic cells with distinct edges.

The karyological characteristics: the cells correspond to the human karyotype by their structure. The modal class contains 87% cells with normal diploid human chromosome set.

Species origin: human, confirmed karyologically with an isoenzyme technique.

Data on contamination: no bacteria, fungi, or Mycoplasma detected. The cell line is maintained in the growth medium +10% glycerin in liquid nitrogen. About 70% of the cells restore on defrosting.

Sensitivity to viruses: the culture is highly sensitive to polioviruses 1, 2, and 3, Coxsackie B3, BArinsECHO 3, 6, 11, 13, 19, 20, 24, 28, RS viruses, and herpes simplex virus.
