**3. Group of analgesic drug**

## **3.1. Narcotic analgesics**

Narcotic analgesics are all derived from opium. They include morphine, codeine, and a number of semisynthetics including meperidine (Demerol), propoxyphene (Darvon) tramadol, and a few others. Different narcotic analgesics may vary in their potency, but all of them are effective in the treatment of visceral pain. Generally, their adverse effects are very much dose‐related as they are all addictive in nature [5]. These category of drug are regulated by the authorities as they are open for abuse, usually they are controlled under the nation's laws.

## **3.2. NSAIDs**

NSAIDs are available as effective analgesics even at low doses where there is no antiinflama‐ tory effect. They are in the form of various chemical types although they have demonstrated similar pharmacological effect in reducing pain. They may even possess similar side effects. They are mostly provided in the form of oral dosage although some may be in the form of injection [6].

Paracetamol, or acetaminophen as Americans call it, is a nonnarcotic analgesic with no antiinflammatory properties. It is the most popular analgesic which is appropriate for mild to moderate pain. It is well tolerated in normal recommended doses but it may have significant liver toxicity at high doses. Clinically, paracetamol has been considered the first choice for mild pain as it is considered to be very safe at therapeutic doses.
