**9. Conclusion**

By blending together all of the concepts in this chapter, a practitioner can provide the best treatment for their patients suffering from low back pain. Through an understanding of a modified WHO's stepwise approach and a thorough understanding of all of the drug class available to them, they should be able to escalate and de‐escalate therapy in a safe and effec‐ tive manner. The practitioner will need to set expectations, incorporate a multimodal treat‐ ment approach, analyze potential contraindications for specific drug therapy and provide the most ideal medication regimen. This regimen should be based on ease and appropriateness for the individual patient and should be executed with a complete understanding of every drug class mentioned in this chapter (paracetamol, NSAIDs, adjuvant and opioid medica‐ tions). If this is done, the practitioner will truly be in expert in the pharmacologic manage‐ ment of low back pain.
