*2.7.4. Salvinorin*

Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in *Salvia divinorum*, a Mexican plant that has a long history of use as an entheogen by indigenous Mazatec shamans. Salvinorin A is considered a dissociative. It can produce psychoactive experiences in humans with a typi‐ cal duration of action being several minutes to an hour [54, 55]. Furthermore, Salvinorin is a *trans*‐neoclerodane diterpenoid, which acts as a κ‐opioid receptor agonist. The mechanism of action of Salvinorin A on ileal tissue has been described as prejunctional, as it was able to adjust electrically made contraction, but not those of exogenous acetylcholine. A pharmaco‐ logically important feature of the contraction‐reducing properties of ingested Salvinorin A on gut tissue is that it is only pharmacologically active on inflamed and not normal tissue, thus reducing possible side effects. Salvinorin produce a conditioned place aversion and decreases locomotors. It is able to modify dopaminergic pathway [55].

#### *2.7.5. Pawhuskin A*

Pawhuskin A is a bioactive naturally occurring stilbene reported from *Dalea purpurea*. Pawhuskin A has recognized to function as an opioid receptor antagonist, with special bind‐ ing to the k receptor. Pawhuskin A is the most active natural compound making a small group of nonnitrogenous compounds with effect on the opiate receptor system [56].
