Contents

## **Preface XIII**


**Section 2 Innovative Approaches to Detection and Application of E. coli in the Environment 123**

**Section 4 E. coli as a Model in Physiology and Cell Biology 315**

Maryam Javadi, Saeid Bouzari and Mana Oloomi

Chapter 18 **From Biology to Biotechnology: Disulfide Bond Formation in**

Chapter 19 **Survival Strategy of Escherichia coli in Stationary Phase:**

Chapter 20 **Survival of Escherichia coli under Nutrient-Deprived**

Bradley J. Landgraf, Guoping Ren, Thorsten Masuch, Dana Boyd and

Contents **VII**

**Involvement of σE-Dependent Programmed Cell Death 383** Tomoyuki Kosaka, Masayuki Murata and Mamoru Yamada

Maite Orruño, Claudia Parada, Vladimir R. Kaberdin and Inés Arana

**Conditions: Effect on Cell Envelope Subproteome 405**

Chapter 17 **Molecular Mechanisms of Phosphate Homeostasis in**

Chapter 16 **Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Diversity of**

**Escherichia coli 317**

**Escherichia coli 333** William R. McCleary

**Escherichia coli 359**

Mehmet Berkmen


**Section 2 Innovative Approaches to Detection and Application of E. coli**

Chapter 9 **Effect of Environmental Conditions on Escherichia coli Survival**

Chapter 10 **Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli from Animals,**

Chapter 11 **Escherichia coli Inactivation Using Pressurized Carbon Dioxide as an Innovative Method for Water Disinfection 207**

Chapter 12 **Evaluating Meta-Analysis Research of Escherichia coli 229**

Chapter 13 **Escherichia coli as a Model Organism and Its Application in**

Vargas-Maya Naurú Idalia and Franco Bernardo

Chapter 15 **Essential Oils: The Ultimate Solution to Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli? 299**

Chapter 14 **Biosensor Platforms for Rapid Detection of E. coli Bacteria 275**

Polly Soo Xi Yap, Shun Kai Yang, Kok Song Lai and Swee Hua

Noel Pabalan, Eloisa Singian, Lani Tabangay and Hamdi Jarjanazi

Loreen R. Stromberg, Heather M. Mendez and Harshini Mukundan

Chapter 7 **E. coli as an Indicator of Contamination and Health Risk in**

**in the Environment 123**

**VI** Contents

**Environmental Waters 125** Robert G. Price and Dirk Wildeboer

Slaven Jozić and Mladen Šolić

**Humans, and Environment 187** Athumani Msalale Lupindu

Tsuyoshi Imai and Thanh-Loc Thi Dang

**Section 3 Application of E. coli in Biotechnology 251**

**Biotechnology 253**

Rodica Elena Ionescu

Erin Lim

**and Present 141**

**in Seawater 169**

Chapter 8 **Detection Methods for Lipopolysaccharides: Past**


Preface

chemical pathways.

emphasizes the importance of this organism.

*Escherichia coli* also known as *E. coli* is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium. It grows free‐ ly in the intestine of all humans and most animals. It is one of the most studied organisms and serves as the prokaryotic model of organisms. In spite of the fact that this organism is the most studied, it continues to generate many discussions in the academic and industrial sectors and is used for several purposes particularly in the study and application of microbi‐ ology and biotechnology. A simple search of the major databases like PubMed, Google scholar, and others will generate hundreds of publications every day. This therefore further

*E. coli* is a versatile organism that plays a role in different sectors of human life. Though mostly a commensal organism living in the intestines of humans and animals, *E. coli* can be responsible for both intestinal and extraintestinal infections. *E. coli* for example is an impor‐ tant cause of urinary tract infections with severe consequences including male infertility, which is a topic not often discussed in many books debating the pathogenesis of this organ‐ ism. *E. coli* also plays an important role as a model organism due to its ability to grow easily in simple culture media, its short generation time, and the ease with which its genetic mate‐ rial can be manipulated just to cite but a few. Furthermore, many molecular processes have been discovered by studying *E. coli*, and many of these have been extended to other bacterial organisms. Such issues include, for example, the adaptation of cells in difficult environ‐ ments, genetic processes, and the production of specific enzymes through different bio‐

The present book is therefore a good mix of pathogenesis, cell biology, biotechnology, and molecular applications of *E. coli*. The book does not intend to give an exhaustive study of the organism but focuses on specific topics of interest such as pathogenesis and antibiotic resist‐ ance mechanisms, innovative methods in bacterial detection, environmental water disinfec‐ tions, and cell biology. A special attention was given to urinary tract infections that represent important diseases in both males and females, as well as its implication in male fertility/sterility and the mechanism thereof. This is especially important as many cases of infertility are often misdiagnosed and the index of suspicion might be actually very far away from *E. coli*. The development of antibiotic resistance is another important stumbling block to the control of infectious diseases with the recent emergence of multiple antibiotic resist‐

As a contaminant and often used as an indicator of contamination of environmental waters, there is a need for the design of simple methods that are effective in the removal of microbial contaminants from water sources. In this book, a number of chapters have been dedicated to development of innovative methods for environmental water disinfection using substances

ance (MAR) among different bacterial organisms including *E. coli*.
