**7. Interim summary**

hemodynamic stability and early emergence from general anesthesia, while it also provides good postoperative analgesia. Furthermore, the advantageous effects obtained with TAPB

**Figure 12.** Box‐plot for comparison of intraoperative hemodynamic stability between Group G (general anesthesia alone, *n* = 35) and Group T (general anesthesia plus TAPB, *n* = 33). The period during the operation when both systolic blood pressure and heart rate were within 70–110% of their pre‐anesthesia value was defined as the hemodynamic stable time. The ratio of hemodynamic stable time to total operative time was used as an indicator of hemodynamic stability. The stability ratio was significantly higher in Group T (91%, range 50–100%) than in Group G (79, 40–91%), indicating greater

hemodynamic stability in Group T. Values are presented as the median and minimum‐maximum range.

**Figure 11.** Ultrasound image of abdominal wall during transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB).

may also be seen with use of other regional anesthetic protocols.

36 Current Topics in Anesthesiology

Combined use of regional with general anesthesia is advantageous to decrease oxidative stress and also provides better intraoperative hemodynamics than general anesthesia alone. Namely, it compensates for the shortcomings of inhalation anesthetics and improves anesthesia man‐ agement quality. Importantly, the hemodynamic stabilizing effects of regional anesthesia in high‐risk patients provide a great advantage for the anesthesiologist to perform anesthesia management, even when additional efforts to perform regional anesthesia are required.
