Preface

Chapter 6 **Preoperative Evaluation of Computed Tomography Perfusion:**

Chapter 7 **Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Preclinical Highlights and**

**Perspectives on Preventive Strategies 129** Fabricio M. Locatelli and Takashi Kawano

**Complications Perioperatively1 119**

and Makoto Ozaki

**VI** Contents

**Its Significance for the Risk Assessment of Cerebrovascular**

Yusuke Asakura, Yuta Matsunaga, Maho Kinoshita, Yusuke Kasuya

Anesthesiology is a science that has progressively evolved due to viable technological im‐ provements and thriving accumulation of knowledge within the very extensive and explora‐ ble nature of itself. Consequently, the enhanced knowledge and technological availability have played major parts in terms of upgrading and changing the clinical applications. The more effective and reliable drugs are introduced in the practice of anesthesiology day by day; also, the use of ultrasonography is rapidly advancing toward the routine. On the other hand, although the healthcare policies of the nations have some restriction on healthcare re‐ sources, the concepts of efficient resource utilization and healthcare quality standards also provide some improvements in the practice. This book provides contemporary knowledge about local anesthetics and their pharmacology and toxic effects of anesthetic drugs in chil‐ dren. Also, this book includes some new technological developments in the use of ultraso‐ nography in regional anesthesia as well as some contemporary topics in anesthesiology. I am grateful to the authors for their contributions to this book, and I wish it will be helpful to the readers.

#### **Prof. Dr. Riza Hakan Erbay**

Chairman of Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University Denizli, Turkey

**Section 1**

**Local Anesthetics**

#### **Pharmacology of Local Anaesthetics and Commonly Used Recipes in Clinical Practice Pharmacology of Local Anaesthetics and Commonly Used Recipes in Clinical Practice**

Jesse Musokota Mumba, Freddy Kasandji Kabambi and Christian Tshebeletso Ngaka Jesse Musokota Mumba, Freddy Kasandji Kabambi and Christian Tshebeletso Ngaka

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67048

#### **Abstract**

Local anaesthetics are commonly used drugs in clinical anaesthesia. The knowledge of their pharmacology is paramount for safe and optimal use of this group of drugs. This chapter consists of two sections. The first section will address the chemical and physical properties, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the local anaesthet‐ ics. In the second section, examples of the commonly used doses and additives used for various peripheral and regional anaesthetics will be discussed. We will also address the treatment of toxicity as a result of inadvertent intravascular injection of the local anaesthetics.

**Keywords:** local anaesthetics, lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, cocaine

### **Summary points**


Commons

Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

