**5. Meniere familial**

Familial MD should be considered if at least one other relative (first or second degree) ful‐ fills all the criteria of definite or probable MD. Familial MD should be considered if at least one other relative (first or second degree) fulfills all the criteria of definite or probable MD. Familial MD is observed in 8–9% of sporadic cases in populations of European descent. This was also described in Caucasians from Brazil, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Spain and Germany. Although most families described have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheri‐ tance, familial MD shows genetic heterogeneity, and mitochondrial and recessive inheritance patterns are also observed in some families [12].

#### **5.1. Associated symptoms**

The symptom triad of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss all contribute to the disabling nature of the condition. Ménière's disease is an unpredictable illness that affects mental health. Ménière's disease is an unpredictable illness that affects mental health. Tyrrell et al. inves‐ tigated the mental health of 1376 Ménière's disease patients. Participants answered 38 ques‐ tions to mental health. They utilized crude and adjusted linear to investigate the association between Ménière's disease and mental health.

Ménière's disease was associated with increased frequency of tenseness, depression, tiredness and unenthusiasm in the 2 weeks before recruitment. Ménière's disease was associated with longer periods of depression than controls. Reduced health satisfaction was associated with Ménière's disease, but in other aspects of life (general happiness, work, family, financial), individuals with Ménière's disease were as happy as controls. Mental health and SWB in individuals diagnosed for longer was better than in those who were recently diagnosed suggesting at least adaptation.

The results show that Ménière's disease has a negative impact on the individual's satisfaction with life, their mental health and emotional state.

These results raise the importance of supporting social relationships, since long‐term patient adaptation strategies can help those with new diagnoses. This is the largest population study investigating the mental health impact of Ménière's disease [14].

#### **Author details**

the records from 1973 to 1985 from a hospital and outpatient clinic serving a community of 1,03,797 people in Italy. The 1972 American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology guidelines were applied for diagnosis of MS, and an incidence of 8.2 per 10,00,000 people per

A study in Cantabria evaluated epidemiological data. Incidence was determined by the num‐ ber of patients diagnosed Meniere's disease with per 100,000 inhabitants/year during the 11 years of the study and residents in the area having a health study excluding Meniere previ‐ ous diagnosis of disease. The incidence was 3/100,000 cases inhabitants/year prevalence of 75/100,000 (29 in men and 46 in women). The most common age of diagnosis was between 40

In Japan, the average annual incidence was 5.0 per 100,000 population. Incidence and preva‐ lence predominated in females. With respect to age at disease, the incidence in elderly patients

Familial MD should be considered if at least one other relative (first or second degree) ful‐ fills all the criteria of definite or probable MD. Familial MD should be considered if at least one other relative (first or second degree) fulfills all the criteria of definite or probable MD. Familial MD is observed in 8–9% of sporadic cases in populations of European descent. This was also described in Caucasians from Brazil, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Spain and Germany. Although most families described have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheri‐ tance, familial MD shows genetic heterogeneity, and mitochondrial and recessive inheritance

The symptom triad of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss all contribute to the disabling nature of the condition. Ménière's disease is an unpredictable illness that affects mental health. Ménière's disease is an unpredictable illness that affects mental health. Tyrrell et al. inves‐ tigated the mental health of 1376 Ménière's disease patients. Participants answered 38 ques‐ tions to mental health. They utilized crude and adjusted linear to investigate the association

Ménière's disease was associated with increased frequency of tenseness, depression, tiredness and unenthusiasm in the 2 weeks before recruitment. Ménière's disease was associated with longer periods of depression than controls. Reduced health satisfaction was associated with Ménière's disease, but in other aspects of life (general happiness, work, family, financial), individuals with Ménière's disease were as happy as controls. Mental health and SWB in individuals diagnosed for longer was better than in those who were recently diagnosed suggesting at least adaptation. The results show that Ménière's disease has a negative impact on the individual's satisfaction

was increased when we corrected for age distribution in the overall population [10].

year was found [9].

36 Up to Date on Meniere's Disease

and 60 years [13].

**5. Meniere familial**

**5.1. Associated symptoms**

patterns are also observed in some families [12].

between Ménière's disease and mental health.

with life, their mental health and emotional state.

Liane Sousa Teixeira1 \* and Aliciane Mota Guimarães Cavalcante<sup>2</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: liane\_st21@hotmail.com

1 Brasiliense Institute of Otolaryngology, Health Science Faculty, University of Brasilia Medical School, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

2 Brasiliense Institute of Otolaryngology, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

#### **References**


**Ménière's Disease - Pathophysiology**

[11] Havia, M., Kentala, E., & Pyykkö, I. Prevalence of Meniere's disease in general popula‐ tion of Southern Finland. Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, 2005, **133**(5), 762‐768

[12] Lopez‐Escamez, J. A., Carey, J., Chung, W. H., Goebel, J. A., Magnusson, M., Mandalà, M., ... & Bisdorff, A. Diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease. Journal of Vestibular Research, 25(1), 1‐7.Melville da Cruz Fracs, Ménière's disease A stepwise approach,

[13] Angulo, C. M., Castellanos, R. G., Mantilla, J. G., Capelastegui, J. B., & Carrera, F. Epidemiología de la Enfermedad de Meniere en Cantabria. Acta Otorrinolaringológica

[14] Tyrrell, J., White, M. P., Barrett, G., Ronan, N., Phoenix, C., Whinney, D. J., & Osborne, N. J. Mental health and Subjective well‐being of individuals with Meniere's: cross‐sec‐

tional analysis in the UK biobank. Otology & Neurotology, 2015, **36**(5), 854‐861. [15] Tyrrell, J. S., Whinney, D. J., Ukoumunne, O. C., Fleming, L. E., & Osborne, N. J. Prevalence, associated factors, and comorbid conditions for Meniere's disease. Ear and

MedicineToday 2014; **15**(3): 18‐26

38 Up to Date on Meniere's Disease

Española, 2003, **54**(9), 601‐605.

hearing, 2014, **35**(4), e162‐e169.
