**2.3. Analysis**

The bimetallic Ru-Co catalyst has been reported for hydrogenation of succinic acid. The doping of ruthenium in cobalt increases the overall hydrogenation activity and the Ru/Co ratio in the Ru-Co bimetallic catalyst was found to affect the selectivity of gamma butyrolactone and

Anderson et al. have reported that product distribution for hydrogenation of aromatic acids over Pd/C and Pd supported on carbon nanofiber in aqueous and aprotic organic solvents was almost the same [8]. Chemoselective hydrogenation of benzoic acid to cyclohexane carboxylic acid was found to be efficient over Ni-B[Ni-Zr-B-PEG(800)] amorphous alloy catalyst than

This chapter gives information related to hydrogenation of benzoic acid, which contains two

The catalysts were prepared by impregnation method followed by thermal reduction. The following catalysts were prepared: Ru/C, 5% Pd/C, 5%Re/C, 5% Pd-2% Re/C, 1%

, 5% Re/Al<sup>2</sup>

The reactions were carried out in a 250 ml capacity high-pressure high-temperature reactor supplied by Parr Instruments Co. USA. The reaction conditions for catalyst screening are

O3

groups, i.e., aromatic ring and carboxylic group, which is not reported in detail.


are also reported for hydrogenation

, 5% Co/C, 5% Ru-29%Sn/Al<sup>2</sup>

O3 , and

tetrahydrofuran [6]. Catalysts such as Mn-K/CeO<sup>2</sup>

104 New Advances in Hydrogenation Processes - Fundamentals and Applications

O3

**Reaction parameter Range** Benzoic acid quantity 0.82 kmol m−3 Hydrogen partial pressure 6.89 MPa Catalyst 5.00 kg m−3 Solvent 1,4-Dioxane Temperature 493 K Agitation speed 1000 rpm Total volume 1.0 × 10−4 m3

Reaction time 6 h

**Table 1.** Reaction conditions for catalyst screening.

, 5% Ru/TiO<sup>2</sup>

of benzoic acid to benzaldehyde [7].

noble catalyst [9].

**2. Experimental**

**2.1. Catalyst preparation**

Ru-6% Re/C, 5% Ru/Al<sup>2</sup>

**2.2. Reaction conditions**

5% Ru/MgO.

given in **Table 1**.

The various hydrogenation products formed during the reaction were identified using GC-MS (Agilent GC 6890 with 5973 mass selective detector instrument).

For quantitative analysis, samples from the reaction mixture were filtered to remove the catalyst and analyzed by gas chromatography (Agilent Systems 6890 GC). For analysis, an HP INNOWax, polyethylene glycol capillary column (30 m × 320 μm × 0.25 μm) along with flame ionization detector was used on Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph controlled by HP ChemStation software, equipped with an autosampler unit.
