**6. Conclusion**

In a nutshell, the hydrogenation of lignin can potentially become a breakthrough route for production of biofuel if we can unlock the lignin functionality. With the recent findings, it is interesting to observe that the exploitation of lignin valorisation shall make this route become viable and efficient to produce biofuel via hydrogenation of lignin. Further advanced biotechnologies are crucial for discovery such as more efficient biological pretreatment system, bioprospecting and development of stable genetically engineering microorganisms, improved gene cloning and sequencing technologies, characterisation of new enzymes and production in homologous or heterologous systems and ultimately lead to low-cost conversion of lignocellulose biotechnology for improved processes and productions based on economies of scale more efficient and cost-effective conversions of lignin into value-added products. To overcome the current energy problems, it is envisaged that lignocellulosic biomass in addition of green biotechnology will be the main focus of the future research.
