Preface

Chapter 8 **Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts for Partial Hydrogenation of**

Chapter 9 **New Strategies for Obtaining Inorganic-Organic Composite Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation 181**

Chapter 10 **Effect of Absorption and Desorption of Hydrogen in Ti and**

Chapter 11 **Identification of Some New Generation Additives for Polymers Obtained in the Catalytic Hydrogenation Process 227**

Lach, Agnieszka Bereska and Michał Szmatoła

Martin Kindl, Ondřej Matuška and Petr Kačer

**Heterogeneous Catalysis 247**

**Field of Medicinal Chemistry 269**

Chapter 14 **Production of Biofuel via Hydrogenation of Lignin**

Chapter 15 **Hydrogenation Catalysis in Biobased Ionic Liquids 307**

Chapter 16 **Dynamic Mathematical Modelling and Advanced Control**

Safa Hayouni, Nadège Ferlin and Sandrine Bouquillon

**Strategies for Complex Hydrogenation Process 327**

Chapter 12 **Organometallics: Exploration Tool for Surface Phenomena in**

Chapter 13 **Recent Developments in the Use of Flow Hydrogenation in the**

Cecilia C. Russell, Jennifer R. Baker, Peter J. Cossar and Adam

Bawadi Abdullah, Syed Anuar Faua Ad Syed Muhammad and Nik

Euzebiusz Jan Dziwiński, Bartłomiej Bereska, Jolanta Iłowska, Józef

Nicolás Carrara, Juan Manuel Badano, Carolina Betti, Cecilia Lederhos, Mariana Busto, Carlos Vera and Mónica Quiroga

Miroslav Stanković, Jugoslav Krstić, Margarita Gabrovska, Vojkan Radonjić, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Davor Lončarević and Dušan

**Edible Oils 131**

Jovanović

**VI** Contents

**Ti Alloys 209**

McCluskey

**from Biomass 289**

Azmi Nik Mahmood

Roxana Rusu‐Both

Alejandra López‐Suárez

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between hydrogen and another element, usually occurred in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt). Hydrogenation process is commonly used to saturate or reduce organic compounds and has three components: an unsaturated substrate, hydrogen (source) and a catalyst. Catalytic hydrogenation has versa‐ tile industrial applications, such as food industry, petrochemical industry, organic chemistry, hydrogenation of coal, etc. In the present book, some of the recent advances of this process are provided.

In Chapter 1, the application of end-functionalized isotactic poly (lactic acid) as support for Pdbased catalysts was evaluated for double and triple bond hydrogenation reactions. In Chapter 2, selective hydrogenation of 1-heptyne using supported mono and bimetallic catalysts was stud‐ ied. In Chapter 3, asymmetric transfer hydrogenation as an attractive tool for synthesis of enan‐ tio-enriched compounds was presented. In Chapter 4, catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methane by the use of Ni-based and Co-based catalyst was reviewed. As CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its utilization is of high environmental importance. In Chapter 5, the behaviour of hydrogen atom in polycrystalline silicon thin film was investigated. In Chapter 6, hydrogenation of benzo‐ ic acid using mono and bimetallic Ru, Pd, Co and Re catalyst was investigated. In Chapter 7, hydrogenation behaviour of Zr-based quasi-crystalline alloys was evaluated. The effect of Ti ad‐ dition on H2 storage characteristics of quasi-crystalline alloys was studied. In Chapter 8, synthe‐ sis of Ni-based catalysts for hydrogenation of edible oils was presented. In Chapter 9, new strategies for the synthesis of egg-shell Pd/composite catalyst were presented. These catalysts were applicable in selective hydrogenation of styrene, 1-heptyne, 3-hexyne and 2,3-butanone. In Chapter 10, hydrogen storage capacity of pure and alloyed Ti was provided. In Chapter 11, a new plasticizer was introduced which was obtained by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of Ni catalyst. In Chapter 12, the application of organometallics as a tool for surface phenomena was presented. The structure of organometallics resembled complexes adsorbed on the surface of heterogeneous catalysts. In Chapter 13, recent applications of flow chemistry in the field of medicinal chemistry via hydrogen reactions were provided. In Chapter 14, hydrogenation of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-fuel production was provided. In Chapter 15, the concept of biobased ionic liquid was introduced, and catalytic hydrogenation of (poly)-alkenes or unsaturated ketones in different bio-based and non-bio-based ionic liquids was investigated. In Chapter 16, a modern control algorithm for complex and high-risk petrochemical processes was presented, and production of 2-ethyl-hexanol through liquid phase hydrogenation of 2-ethyl-hexenal was studied as well.

I wish to express my sincere appreciation to InTech for giving us the opportunity to publish a book on the topic of hydrogenation. I would like to thank all the authors for their significant contribution and providing high-quality research to share worldwide. I also want to express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Maja Bozicevic for her help during the entire publication process.

> **Maryam Takht Ravanchi, PhD** Petrochemical Research and Technology Co. Tehran, Iran
