Preface

**Section 2 New Spectral Application of the Fourier Transforms 147**

Chapter 7 **Study of Green Nanoparticles and Biocomplexes Based on Exopolysaccharide by Modern Fourier Transform**

Cvetković, Žarko J. Mitić and Dragana Z. Marković

**Spectroscopy for Substance Analysis 175**

Chapter 9 **Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Hydrated Biological Macromolecules 191**

Chapter 10 **Fourier Transform Hyperspectral Imaging for Cultural**

Chapter 11 **New Spectral Applications of the Fourier Transforms in Medicine, Biological and Biomedical Fields 235**

Massimo Zucco, Marco Pisani and Tiziana Cavaleri

Chapter 8 **Fourier Transform Infrared and Two-Dimensional Correlation**

Goran S. Nikolić, Milorad D. Cakić, Slobodan Glišić, Dragan J.

**Spectroscopy 149**

**VI** Contents

Yew-Keong Choong

Maria Grazia Bridelli

**Heritage 215**

Anca Armăşelu

*By the turn of the millennium a technology known as virtual reality will be in widespread use. It will allow you to enter computer generated artificial worlds as unlimited as the imagination itself. Its cre‐ ators foresee millions of positive uses, while others fear it as a new form of mind control...*

### **- Lawnmower Man and Brett Leonard**

As of the onset of the twenty-first century, products considered high technology are often those that incorporate advanced computer electronics. High tech is a technology that in‐ volves the production or use of advanced or sophisticated devices. Because the high-tech sector of the economy develops or uses the most advanced technology known, it is often seen as having the most potential for future growth. This perception has led to high invest‐ ment in high-tech sectors of the economy. But all this would not have been possible without the ongoing development of science and certain of its disciplines as the powerful analytical tools. One of them is Fourier analysis. The prevalent subject of Fourier analysis encompasses a vast spectrum of mathematics with parts that may appear quite different at first glance. In Fourier analysis, the term *Fourier transform* often refers to the process that decomposes a giv‐ en function into the harmonic domain. This process results in another function that de‐ scribes what frequencies are in the original function. Meanwhile, the transformation is often given a more specific name depending upon the domain and other properties of the func‐ tion being transformed.

Fourier transform represents one of the oldest and most powerful analytical tools in many fields like applied mathematics, physical sciences, and engineering. Because of the Fourier transform which helps to describe the physical mechanism of collecting and reconstructing data, it also becomes a priceless image-processing instrument in other areas which are relat‐ ed to biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, bioinformatics, computer engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, information technology, artificial intelligence, nano‐ technology, nuclear physics, photonics, robotics, and semiconductors. The development of Fourier transform techniques pushed the utilization of the spectroscopic methods dramati‐ cally. So, Fourier transform methods have long been proved to be extremely useful in all fields of science and technology, like telecommunications, audio technology, radio astrono‐ my, seismology, aerospace, automotive, especially spectroscopy crystallography, medical image processing, and signal analysis techniques. Particularly, Fourier transform spectrosco‐ py has become an innovative, powerful, and extra sensitive method to study biologically important systems, varying from simple molecules to highly complex samples like living cells and tissues. These enhanced spectroscopic methods in their modern form represent an important area of research with various applications in diverse fields of science and indus‐ try.

Therefore, the main purpose of this book is to provide a modern review about the recent advances in Fourier transforms in high-tech and spectral application. In this sense, the book is organized into two sections. Section 1 presents Fourier transform as a new tool for hightech application in electrical, electronic, and computer engineering. This section provides application of the single-bin sliding discrete Fourier transform, inversion-based Fourier transform as a new tool for noise rejection, application of Fourier series expansion to electri‐ cal power conversion, Fourier analysis for harmonic signals in electrical power systems, high-resolution single-chip radix II FFT processor for high-tech application, and memristor threshold logic FFT circuits. Section 2 deals with numerous Fourier transform spectroscopic techniques with a wide range of biological, biomedical, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnological applications. In this section, recent advances in Fourier transform spectral application in different fields, by virtue of various techniques such as two-dimen‐ sional correlation spectroscopy, visible spectroscopy, infrared-attenuated total reflectance, infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy, infrared imaging spectroscopy, ion cyclotron reso‐ nance mass spectrometry, etc., are presented.

This edition represents a reference review for Fourier transform methods as they are applied in signal processing and spectroscopy. More exactly, the book concerns an overview of the current status and of the recent achievements in Fourier transform spectroscopy and some selected new applications of Fourier analysis in the high-tech fields, with the emphasis on the own work done by the author of this book. The confluence of Fourier transform methods with high tech opens new opportunities for the detection and handling of the atoms and molecules using nanodevices, with potential for a large variety of scientific and technologi‐ cal applications.

In addition, the reference list included in each chapter contains both historical and extensive analysis which works together with the articles that describe several key breakthroughs in the mentioned areas of interest.

> **Prof. Goran S. Nikolić Prof. Milorad D. Cakić Prof. Dragan J. Cvetković** University of Niš, Faculty of Technology Leskovac, Serbia
