**Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring Strain on Graphene and Oxidation Corrosion on Nuclear Claddings Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring Strain on Graphene and Oxidation Corrosion on Nuclear Claddings**

Hongyi Mi, Zhenqiang Ma and James P. Blanchard Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Hongyi Mi, Zhenqiang Ma and James P. Blanchard

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65111

#### **Abstract**

[74] Arnold GW. Ion‐implantation effects in glasses. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids. 1998;**65**:17–

[75] Capitani GC, Leroux H, Doukhan JC, Ríos S, Zhang M, Salje EKH. A TEM investiga‐ tion of natural metamict zircons: structure and recovery of amorphous domains. Phys.

[76] Vance ER. Alpha‐recoil damage in zircon. Radiat. Eff. 1975;**24**:1–6.

[77] Zhang M, Salje EKH, Ewing RC. Oxidation state of uranium in metamict and annealed zircon: near infrared spectroscopic quantitative analysis. J. Phys. Condens. Matter.

[78] Weber WJ. Self‐radiation damage and recovery in pu‐doped zircon. Radiat. Eff. Defects

[79] Lumpkin GR, Foltyn EM, Ewing RC. Thermalrecrystallization of alpha‐recoil damaged minerals of thepyrochlore structure type. J. Nucl. Mater. 1986;**139**:113. doi:10.1016/0022

[80] Chrosch J, Colombo M, Malcherek T, Salje EK, Groat LA, Bismayer U. Thermal anneal‐

[81] Nasdala L, Beran A, Libowitzky E, Wolf D. The incorporation of hydroxyl groups and

[82] Tomašić N, Gajović A, Bermanec V, Su DS, Rajić Linarić M, Ntaflos T, Schlögl R. Recrystallization mechanisms of fergusonite from metamict mineral precursors. Phys.

[83] Ruschel K, Nasdala L, Rhede D, Wirth R, Lengauer CL, Libowitzky E. Chemical altera‐ tion patterns in metamict fergusonite. Eur. J. Mineral. 2010;**22**:425–433. doi:10.1127/0935

[84] Xue LH, Gong W. A study on Raman and photoluminescence spectra of the aeschynite

[85] Frost RL, Reddya BJ. The effect of metamictization on the Raman spectroscopy of the uranyl titanate mineral davidite (La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe2+)(Ti,Fe3+)(20)(O,OH)(38). Radiat. Eff.

[86] Tomašić N, Gajović A, Bermanec V, Rajić M. Recrystallization of metamict Nb‐Ta‐Ti‐ REE complex oxides: a coupled X‐ray‐diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study of aeschynite‐(Y) and polycrase‐(Y). Can. Mineral. 2004;**42**:1847–1857. doi:10.2113/

[87] Kusz J, Malczewski D, Zubko M, Häger T,Hofmeister T.High temperature study of

). Am. J. Sci. 2001;**301**:831–857. doi:10.2475/

Chem. Miner. 2000;**27**:545–556. doi:10.1007/s002690000100

Solids. 1991;**115**:341–349. doi:10.1080/10420159108220580

molecular water in natural zircon (ZrSiO4

ing of radiation damaged titanite. Am. Miner. 1998;**83**:1083–1091.

Chem. Miner. 2006;**33**:145–159. doi:10.1007/s00269‐006‐0061‐6

group minerals. J. Non‐Cryst. Solids. 2000;**20**:827–829.

Defects Solids. 2011;**166**:131–136. doi:10.1080/10420150.2010.516394

metamict steenstrupine. Solid State Phenomena, 2010, 163:253‐255

30. doi:10.1080/00337578208216813

doi:10.1080/00337577508239470

2003;**15**:3445–3470

122 Raman Spectroscopy and Applications

‐3115(86)90029‐2

ajs.301.10.831

‐1221/2010/0022‐2031

gscanmin.42.6.1847

Raman scattering can explore a material's structure, composition, and condition. In this chapter, we demonstrate the application of Raman scattering to monitor the change in the physical properties and chemical composition of materials. We provide two examples: (1) the Raman peak profile and shift reveal the strain in graphene induced by nanostructure and (2) the appearance and intensity of the Raman peaks indicate the oxidation corrosion on Zircaloy nuclear fuel cladding. The Raman spectroscopy is capable of providing evident and precise signals for the monitoring tasks. Through this research, we propose Raman spectroscopy to be a sensitive, accurate, and nondestruc‐ tive tool for monitoring material conditions.

**Keywords:** Raman scattering, phonon vibration, monitoring, mechanical strain, oxida‐ tion corrosion, graphene, zirconium alloy nuclear claddings, raman peak intensity, raman shift
