**Author details**

MOO Multi-objective optimization

SLP Sequential linear programming

TO Topology optimization

*T* Temperature

*q* Heat flux

Ω Domain

Γ Boundaries

*t* Time

*k* Thermal conductivity

*n* Boundary normal vector

*v* Virtual temperature field

*l* Thermal load linear form

*a* Energy bi-linear form

*x* Design variable

*V* Volume

*h* Convection heat-transfer rate

VP Volume-to-point problem

SQP Sequential quadratic programming

**Symbols and variables (in the order of appearance)**

*θ* Orientation control parameter in

method

*ρ* Density variable for density-based topology

*c* Standard variable for the design objective or

RAMP Rational approximation of material properties

*μ* Dimension control parameter in homogenization

homogenization method

optimization, material density

compliance, material-specific heat

SIMP Solid isotropic material with penalization

OC Optimality criteria

82 Heat Exchangers– Design, Experiment and Simulation

Mark Christian E. Manuel,\* and Po Ting Lin2

\*Address all correspondence to: marchm.090407@gmail.com

1 School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines

2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
