**Annex**

[1] Serbanescu D., Models, structures and paradigms in science and technology – case study on some specific Romanian problems. In Romanian Academy DLMFS, editors, Graduating dissertation of the Introductory Course on History and Philosophy of Science, Romanian Academy, Romanian Committee of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, may 2014 ; Bucharest The method described in previous papers [1–5,12,13] assumes that the world of scientific studied objects and the models on them are described by topological spaces. Knowledge is acquired in phases. There is a double triad describing the objects to be studied and the methodsused to study them (as illustrated in Figure 14).

[2] Serbanescu D. Energetica si fizica nucleara descoperiri, accidente, lectii ale naturii. In: CRIFST – Academia Romana, editor, prezentare la Cursul de initiere in istoria si filo‐ zofia stiintei Seria a IX-a, Comitetul Român de Istoria si Filozofia Ştiinţei şi Tehnicii (CRIFST); Aprilie 2015; Academia Romana, Bucuresti. Bucuresti: Academia Romana-CRIFST; 2015. [3] Serbanescu D. An analysis of the Romanian nuclear energy sector, Noema – Romani‐ an Academy,2015;XIV,pp285-321. [4] Serbanescu D. Selected topics in risk analyses for some energy systems. Germany: Lambert; May 2015. As a result of the process, scientific theories are built and in various phases generate different topological structures. Each phase is characterized by some dominating features, created by some deep believes. From the point of view of the type of dominating believes (which generate paradoxes and hence become a driving force of knowledge transition from one phase to another), there are three categories of possible situations. This specific feature may be used to refine the general knowledge states depending on the phase in which the knowledge process as a whole is at that moment in time. The change from one phase to another is driven by the mismatch between the truth switch and the belief (paradox creating) switch as represented schematically in Figure 15. Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

37

The transition from one phase to another and the building of the topological spaces are described in detail in the literature as defined by the author [1–5,12,13] and represented in a

**Figure 14.** Triadic knowledge approach

**Figure 15.** Belief switch

illustrative manner in Figure 16.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity in the Knowledge Society 36 **Figure 14.** Triadic knowledge approach

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

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IAEA. Vienna: IAEA; 1993. **Figure 15.** Belief switch

**Annex**

38

1971.

**Appendices** The transition from one phase to another and the building of the topological spaces are described in detail in the literature as defined by the author [1–5,12,13] and represented in a illustrative manner in Figure 16. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity in the Knowledge Society

The resulting topological spaces, describing the knowledge space at a given phase, may be similar to the representation from Figure 17 (in which a typical science dominated KMP is

Depending on the type of dominance, i.e., if there is a dominance of one side of acquiring the knowledge (science, myth, or art) or two or three sides, the author proposed to complement the approach of classification of civilizations based on the energy it may harness (as defined by Kardashev and described in more detail with other further developments [1–5,12,13]). It was proposed to classify the civilizations based on the type of process that describes the KMP (as represented in Figure 18). From this point of view, the type III might be an example of the

present multidisciplinary approach specific to many contemporary scientific issues.

**Figure 17.** Knowledge process

represented).

The resulting topological spaces, describing the knowledge space at a given phase, may be similar to the representation from Figure 17 (in which a typical science dominated KMP is represented).

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

**Figure 17.** Knowledge process

**Figure 14.** Triadic knowledge approach

in the Knowledge Society

38

[8] Kuhn T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

[9] Kallfelz W. Expanding Joseph Sneed's Analysis into Category Theory [Internet]. May 16, 2006. Available from: http://www.academia.edu/1178539/Expand‐ ing\_Joseph\_Sneeds\_Analysis\_into\_Category\_Theory [Accessed: June 16, 2016]

[10] Sneed J. The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics. Synthese Library–- D Reidel; Editor-in-Chief: Otávio Bueno, University of Miami, Department of Philosophy, USA

[11] Scheuermann G. Topological Field Visualization with Clifford Algebra [Internet]. 2000, Available from: http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/TopologicalVector‐

[12] Serbanescu D. Science and mythology. In: SRA - USA, editor, SRA Conference 2008;

[13] Serbanescu D. On some knowledge issues in sciences and society. In: ECKM13, edi‐ tor, ECKM13; 2013; Kaunas, Lithuania. Kaunas, Lithuania: ECKM13; 2013.

[14] Serbanescu D. A new approach in nuclear risk theory, A9744187. In: IAEA, editor. "The use of PSA in the regulatory process" IAEA Vienna; 26–29 April, 1993; Vienna,

The method described in previous papers [1–5,12,13] assumes that the world of scientific studied objects and the models on them are described by topological spaces. Knowledge is acquired in phases. There is a double triad describing the objects to be studied and the methods

The transition from one phase to another and the building of the topological spaces are described in detail in the literature as defined by the author [1–5,12,13] and represented in a

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

As a result of the process, scientific theories are built and in various phases generate different topological structures. Each phase is characterized by some dominating features, created by some deep believes. From the point of view of the type of dominating believes (which generate paradoxes and hence become a driving force of knowledge transition from one phase to another), there are three categories of possible situations. This specific feature may be used to refine the general knowledge states depending on the phase in which the knowledge process as a whole is at that moment in time. The change from one phase to another is driven by the mismatch between the truth switch and the belief (paradox creating) switch as represented

The resulting topological spaces, describing the knowledge space at a given phase, may be similar to the representation from Figure 17 (in which a typical science dominated KMP is

Depending on the type of dominance, i.e., if there is a dominance of one side of acquiring the knowledge (science, myth, or art) or two or three sides, the author proposed to complement the approach of classification of civilizations based on the energy it may harness (as defined by Kardashev and described in more detail with other further developments [1–5,12,13]). It was proposed to classify the civilizations based on the type of process that describes the KMP (as represented in Figure 18). From this point of view, the type III might be an example of the

present multidisciplinary approach specific to many contemporary scientific issues.

Press; 1962.

**Figure 14.** Triadic knowledge approach

in the Knowledge Society

36

1971.

**Appendices**

in the Knowledge Society

**Figure 15.** Belief switch

**Annex**

38

Field.pdf [Accessed: 16 June, 2016]

IAEA. Vienna: IAEA; 1993.

illustrative manner in Figure 16.

used to study them (as illustrated in Figure 14).

schematically in Figure 15.

**Figure 16.** Knowledge matrix

**Figure 17.** Knowledge process

represented).

Dec 2008; Boston, USA. Boston, USA: SRA-USA; 2008.

Depending on the type of dominance, i.e., if there is a dominance of one side of acquiring the knowledge (science, myth, or art) or two or three sides, the author proposed to complement the approach of classification of civilizations based on the energy it may harness (as defined by Kardashev and described in more detail with other further developments [1–5,12,13]). It was proposed to classify the civilizations based on the type of process that describes the KMP (as represented in Figure 18). From this point of view, the type III might be an example of the present multidisciplinary approach specific to many contemporary scientific issues. Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

39

The transition from one phase to another and the building of the topological spaces are described in detail in the literature as defined by the author [1–5,12,13] and represented in a **Figure 18.** Knowledge and civilizations types

knowledge (of something).

in Figures 21 and 22.

previous papers [5–7].

importance of answering questions such as the following:

may make prognosis on some future features [4–7].

illustrative manner in Figure 16. Another aspect of the results obtained with this approach to evaluate KMP proposed for consideration is that the knowledge is the target of a knowledge acquisition after passing through various phases is to define a "continuum" reflecting the "continuum" of the studied world/objects/reality.

The reality is, as Figures 16 and 17 illustrate, that knowledge is a discontinuous space about a discontinuous space of studied objects. It would be helpful for the KMP to understand the

**•** How to describe and formalize aspects of total knowledge (of everything) versus partial

**•** How to define an *x*-adic object that is studied with *y*-adic methods and rules and generate

Other sets of conclusions and applications are related to the practical use of the method. One application described in [1,2] is related to the nuclear physics and nuclear energy technology. Nuclear energy as a technology has an evolution characterized by the technology curve [3–5] as illustrated in Figure 19. The topological spaces representing the change of nuclear science and technology during the years are represented in Figure 20. The use of this method allows better understanding of main challenges encountered by the technology during the years and

The last possible example of using the method is related to the possibility to study in a more systematic manner some amazing similarities from topological spaces point of view illustrated

The similarities may be understood to some degree by the use of the method as presented in

*z*-adic results/spaces which are being judged with *w*-adic logical tools.

Another aspect of the results obtained with this approach to evaluate KMP proposed for

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

39

The reality is, as Figures 16 and 17 illustrate, that knowledge is a discontinuous space about a discontinuous space of studied objects. It would be helpful for the KMP to understand the importance of answering questions such as the following:


Other sets of conclusions and applications are related to the practical use of the method. One application described in [1,2] is related to the nuclear physics and nuclear energy technology. Nuclear energy as a technology has an evolution characterized by the technology curve [3–5] as illustrated in Figure 19. The topological spaces representing the change of nuclear science and technology during the years are represented in Figure 20. The use of this method allows better understanding of main challenges encountered by the technology during the years and may make prognosis on some future features [4–7].

**Figure 16.** Knowledge matrix The last possible example of using the method is related to the possibility to study in a more systematic manner some amazing similarities from topological spaces point of view illustrated in Figures 21 and 22. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

The resulting topological spaces, describing the knowledge space at a given phase, may be similar to the representation from Figure 17 (in which a typical science dominated KMP is The similarities may be understood to some degree by the use of the method as presented in previous papers [5–7].

by Kardashev and described in more detail with other further developments [1–5,12,13]). It

(as represented in Figure 18). From this point of view, the type III might be an example of the

present multidisciplinary approach specific to many contemporary scientific issues.

was proposed to classify the civilizations based on the type of process that describes the KMP **Figure 19.** Knowledge and technology

**Figure 20.** Nuclear knowledge and technology

represented).

40

in the Knowledge Society

**Figure 18.** Knowledge and civilizations types

world/objects/reality.

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413 39 **Figure 19.** Knowledge and technology

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

consideration is that the knowledge is the target of a knowledge acquisition after passing through various phases is to define a "continuum" reflecting the "continuum" of the studied

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

41

41

Another aspect of the results obtained with this approach to evaluate KMP proposed for **Figure 20.** Nuclear knowledge and technology **Figure 20.** Nuclear knowledge and technology

world/objects/reality.

in the Knowledge Society

**Figure 19.** Knowledge and technology

40

40

in the Knowledge Society

**Figure 16.** Knowledge matrix

previous papers [5–7].

in Figures 21 and 22.

in the Knowledge Society

in the Knowledge Society

world/objects/reality.

**Figure 18.** Knowledge and civilizations types

knowledge (of something).

importance of answering questions such as the following:

may make prognosis on some future features [4–7].

38

**Figure 17.** Knowledge process

**Figure 19.** Knowledge and technology

**Figure 20.** Nuclear knowledge and technology

represented).

40

The resulting topological spaces, describing the knowledge space at a given phase, may be similar to the representation from Figure 17 (in which a typical science dominated KMP is

The similarities may be understood to some degree by the use of the method as presented in

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

The last possible example of using the method is related to the possibility to study in a more systematic manner some amazing similarities from topological spaces point of view illustrated

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

The reality is, as Figures 16 and 17 illustrate, that knowledge is a discontinuous space about a discontinuous space of studied objects. It would be helpful for the KMP to understand the

**•** How to describe and formalize aspects of total knowledge (of everything) versus partial

**•** How to define an *x*-adic object that is studied with *y*-adic methods and rules and generate

Other sets of conclusions and applications are related to the practical use of the method. One application described in [1,2] is related to the nuclear physics and nuclear energy technology. Nuclear energy as a technology has an evolution characterized by the technology curve [3–5] as illustrated in Figure 19. The topological spaces representing the change of nuclear science and technology during the years are represented in Figure 20. The use of this method allows better understanding of main challenges encountered by the technology during the years and

*z*-adic results/spaces which are being judged with *w*-adic logical tools.

Another aspect of the results obtained with this approach to evaluate KMP proposed for consideration is that the knowledge is the target of a knowledge acquisition after passing through various phases is to define a "continuum" reflecting the "continuum" of the studied

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

39

Depending on the type of dominance, i.e., if there is a dominance of one side of acquiring the knowledge (science, myth, or art) or two or three sides, the author proposed to complement the approach of classification of civilizations based on the energy it may harness (as defined by Kardashev and described in more detail with other further developments [1–5,12,13]). It was proposed to classify the civilizations based on the type of process that describes the KMP (as represented in Figure 18). From this point of view, the type III might be an example of the

present multidisciplinary approach specific to many contemporary scientific issues.

systematic manner some amazing similarities from topological spaces point of view illustrated

The similarities may be understood to some degree by the use of the method as presented in

in Figures 21 and 22. **Figure 21.** Topology and knowledge results **Figure 21.** Topology and knowledge results

**Figure 22.** Knowledge topology and brain

**Figure 22.** Knowledge topology and brain

previous papers [5–7].

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity in the Knowledge Society 40 **Figure 21.** Topology and knowledge results

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

41

**Author details**

Dan Serbanescu\*

**References**

CRIFST; 2015.

Lambert; May 2015.

Address all correspondence to: dan.serbanescu1953@yahoo.com

Science and Technology, may 2014 ; Bucharest

an Academy,2015;XIV,pp285-321.

Spring Session, 23 April 2015 ; Bucharest.

Division of Logic, Models and Philosophy of Science, Romanian Committee for History and

Some Issues on Possible Connections between Creativity in Science and Technology and Old Cultural Frameworks

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65413

35

[1] Serbanescu D., Models, structures and paradigms in science and technology – case study on some specific Romanian problems. In Romanian Academy DLMFS, editors, Graduating dissertation of the Introductory Course on History and Philosophy of Science, Romanian Academy, Romanian Committee of History and Philosophy of

[2] Serbanescu D. Energetica si fizica nucleara descoperiri, accidente, lectii ale naturii. In: CRIFST – Academia Romana, editor, prezentare la Cursul de initiere in istoria si filo‐ zofia stiintei Seria a IX-a, Comitetul Român de Istoria si Filozofia Ştiinţei şi Tehnicii (CRIFST); Aprilie 2015; Academia Romana, Bucuresti. Bucuresti: Academia Romana-

[3] Serbanescu D. An analysis of the Romanian nuclear energy sector, Noema – Romani‐

[4] Serbanescu D. Selected topics in risk analyses for some energy systems. Germany:

[5] Serbanescu D. Considerations on some connections between creativity in science and technology and the old experience. In Romanian Academy – CRIFST, editor, presen‐ tation at the Summer School, Romanian Committee of History and Philosophy of Sci‐ ence and Technology (CRIFST), Division of Logics, Methodology and Philosophy of Science (DLMFS), Interdisciplinary Research Group (GCI); July 2015; Bucharest.

[6] Serbanescu D, Spiridon L, Sticlaru G. O view on some knowledge lessons gained from the physics models' cavalcade. In: IYL2015 – Romanian Committee, editor, In‐ ternational Year of Light Conference; Dec 2015; Bucuresti. 2015: IYL2015; 2015.

[7] Serbanescu D., Sticlaru G., Spiridon L.V.. A view on the physics cavalcade of models: predictable evolutions, rhythmicity or chaos? In: Romanian Academy – CRIFST, edi‐ tor, Romanian Committee of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (CRIFST), Division of Logics, Methodology and Philosophy of Science (DLMFS),

Philosophy of Science and Technology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania

35

Division of Logic, Models and Philosophy of Science, Romanian Committee for History and

**Figure 19.** Knowledge and technology
