**2.2. Description of main features of the proposed approach**

The authors started from the paradigmatic approach of Kuhn on changes in science [1], the use of topological specs to describe models in physics [5,6], and previous similar developments

Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (ICIS 2016) - Interdisciplinarity and Creativity

In this paper the principles of the approach and some results are presented. The novelty of the applied principles is that they are based on a generic description of the science phases (as detailed in previous papers [8,9]) and on the use of the notions of categories and syzygies, as defined in mathematics. The example illustrated in the paper is from the nuclear physics and

As it was shown before in some sample cases (Aristotelian, Newtonian, quantum physics, and relativity theory) [8,9], the change of syzygies is performed by switching from one approach/ science to another by the time the paradox solving process leads to minimum set of syzygies for the given approach. It is also shown on a case considering various energy sources that the syzygy approach in a context of topological description is applicable equally to the object to

The knowledge topics and the manner they are reflected in the physics models are an old topic of the natural sciences and philosophy. Nevertheless, and may be because of that, actually there is an impressive series of approaches trying to explain and evaluate those aspects. Those approaches are practically part of the main content of the history of science and philosophy.

**a.** A set of basic principles is defined, starting from notions from mathematics, as for instance, the concepts of **category** and **syzygy**, in a hierarchically developed model. The results are compared with other explanations offered by using other approaches from physics and philosophy (details in [7]). The results may be a basis for answering questions like: "*If and to what degree the changes in models are predictable?"* and *"Is it possible to define rules describing the model change process?"*

**b.** The analysis performed using the proposed approach is also correlated with the apparent need to screen existing applicable methods used in mathematics, physics, and/or philosophy to obtain answers to the questions formulated at the

**c.** The whole model change process may explain their generation and scenarios of possible evolution. The examples considered previously [7] illustrate those ideas. For instance, an example is considered of the interpretation of the models for

various levels in physics (from subquantum to cosmic).

be studied and its model, which are considered to be in an isomorphism [7].

In this context the proposed approach has the following elements of novelty:

[7,10,12-15].

44

in the Knowledge Society

technology.

**2. Method**

**2.1. General aspects**

**i. Interdisciplinary character**

point (a) above.

The approach concentrates on finding rules based on which predictions (and not only postdictions) may be made on model change dynamics in physics.
