5. Conclusion

In conclusion, our findings are interesting because we have shown that in the typical endemic regions of Gulf of Mexico and Ocean Pacific of Mexico, CL can be caused by several species of the L. mexicana and L. braziliensis complexes and in some clinical samples, we found DNA of both complexes. Furthermore, we found DCL caused by a mix infection with strains of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) mexicana [12], both belonging to the L. mexicana complex. VL can be caused by L. (L.) chagasi and in immunocompromised patients by L. (L.) mexicana. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis by PCR and hybridization of kDNA and ITS1 PCR-RFLP analysis of Leishmania DNA must be combined for the reliable characterization of Leishmania species mainly in endemic areas where the presence of multiple species of Leishmania overlap clinical pictures demands simultaneous species identification [12]. In Mexico, the geographic range in which CL is endemic has increased in size due to urbanization, new settlements, and ecological, social, and educative conditions, which favors its permanence and transmission, as it has occurred in Calakmul.
