**Author details**

#### Birte Tornøe

pathways with subsequent hypersensitivity and chronic pain. Sufficient amounts of aerobic power achieved through training and outdoor play enhance health, and can also be used as active stress‐coping strategies. Stress, sleep and nutrition hygiene also work to help accumulate the resources needed to cope with the demands of daily life and to reduce a psycho‐physio‐

Specific strength training, especially of the upper trapezius, might reverse negative muscular consequences from repetitive work with electronic devices. It is also necessary to reach a

Relaxation training with SEMG and visual and auditory feedback is another interactive, effective learning process for children, which also tends to reduce prolonged nociceptive input. Awareness of and training on how to modulate workloads, posture, breathing and heart rate provides the knowledge and skills to self‐regulate mind‐body interactions in daily life.

**•** Girls have a higher prevalence of TTH and a lower probability of headache remission, which is why children and adolescents may benefit from a headache service that focuses on the

**•** TTS is an applicable, non‐invasive examination for children in the daily headache clinic. The palpation test can be used for examining pericranial tenderness as a consequence of pain hypersensitivity. Further research is needed to revalidate TTS with the use of a calibrated

**•** Neck/shoulder muscles are involved in the underlying pathology of headache in children and adults. Muscle load from repetitive work can result in dysfunctions in muscular cellular mechanisms, thus leading to prolonged nociceptive input. Specific strength training, an adequate level of physical fitness and ergonomic learning can help restore the negative

**•** Implementing relaxation techniques in paediatric educational programmes can also be beneficial. Courses must comprise at least ten sessions to provide the child and adolescent with enough time to experience how to work with and benefit from self‐regulation techni‐ ques and stress‐coping strategies, optionally combined with internet‐based programmes. Computer‐animated EMG biofeedback provides children with quick, easy and understand‐

**•** Aerobic power is an important overall health marker for children and adolescents and is also a way to regulate stress. Parental participation and supportive behaviour play an important role in enhancing the PA of children, especially girls. A high level of PA also helps balance the time spent on electronic devices, which in turn has a positive impact on the

palpometer and to examine levels of sensitivity and specificity with cut‐off values.

possibly different knowledge and needs of girls and boys.

able visual and auditory feedback on the regulation of tension.

logical load.

sufficient volume of training.

38 Current Perspectives on Less-known Aspects of Headache

**7. Short conclusions**

impact of repetitive work.

child's health and development.

Address all correspondence to: birte.tornoee@gmail.com

1 Residence: Copenhagen, Denmark

2 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
