**1. Introduction**

Children and adolescents with frequent and chronic primary headaches are, with a prevalence of 2–23% depending ondiagnosis, age, sex andfrequency, a global health concern [1–4].The age span is 3–18 years depending on the disorder. The main consequences of frequent headaches in children and adolescents are more frequent school absences; disturbed health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) [5] and a risk of medication overuse [6].

An interdisciplinary specialist team is a relevant health care platform for the professional support to the families in the process of self‐care and recovery. A specialist team is suggested to consist of neuro‐paediatricians, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologist and possibly a social worker [7].

The diagnosis of the child's headache as a neurological disorder is the first important step in an interdisciplinary team service and is carried out based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐3‐beta) [8]. The most frequent diagnoses for children are migraine with or without aura, tension‐type headache (TTH) or a combination of both, such as mixed headaches. Girls present the highest prevalence for TTH [4], but there is conflicting evidence as to whether boys or girls predominantly have mixed headache [1, 9].

There is a consensus that the aetiology and relevant factors are multi‐dimensional with dynamic interaction between genetic, hormonal, neural and muscular mechanisms but also psycho‐social and environmental factors. Researchers agree that migraine and TTH are two different headache disorders [1], though some see it as a continuum [9]. They may, however, interact, which is why efforts concerning TTH might be beneficial for the child with both disorders. Frequent and chronic types of headache, which means they occur more than 10–15 days a month, present the greatest challenge.

Research on non‐pharmacological treatment outcomes is sparse. Headache service faces a challenge because possible sensitisation of pain pathways can affect outcomes leading to a delay in becoming symptom free or being cured. It is therefore important to empower children, adolescents and their involved parents to persistently pursue healthy lifestyle strategies, which could lead to a long‐lasting reduction of headache frequency and prevent disability.

A narrative review [10] approach is used in the following sections to describe and discuss relevant areas of interest supported by research that might lead to headache reduction in children suffering from primary TTH.
