**Thin Film Deposition**

presents interesting works on using laser ablation in a liquid environment to synthesize sev‐ eral important compounds, such as hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2; CdS quantum dots; magnetic materials such as Fe, FeO, NaFeO3, Na2FeO4; and metal organic frameworks Cu2 (BTC)2(H2O)3, Eu(TMA)(H2O)4. The chapter provides convincing mechanisms for each syn‐ thetic process and demonstrates that laser ablation in a liquid environment is a simple, lowcost, chemically clean, and one-pot synthetic route that enables fabrication of numerical practically important materials. Chapter 10 gives an overview on the use of pulsed laser ablation for the synthesis of nanomaterials under high-pressure gases, liquids, and super‐ critical fluids media. Chapter 11 provides detailed descriptions of the physical and chemical processes occurring during laser ablation in liquids for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The parameters that affect the formation, composition, and structure of the nanoparticles ob‐ tained are also discussed. Chapter 12 presents two very interesting applications of laser ablation in liquid phase: (i) organic nanoparticle formation by laser ablation of organic mate‐ rials and (ii) hydrogen gas generation and nanoparticle generation by ablation of solid car‐ bon in water. The chapter also reveals the mechanism of hydrogen generation by laser ablation. Chapter 13 presents the design of a pulsed laser vaporization reactor that can be used to synthesize single-wall carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-onions, and graphene by just tuning the experimental parameters. Chapter 14 presents the use of femtosecond for laser micromachining of fiber optics with a focus on investigation of the effects of laser parame‐ ters on surface qualities. The chapter describes different aspects of laser induced periodic surface structures and gives an example of using femtosecond laser for the fabrication of fiber optic sensors. Chapter 15 presents the use of dual-color laser that consists of the funda‐ mental (ω) and its second harmonic (2ω) of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire for the ablation of PMMA. By changing the relative phase of the fundamental (ω) and second-harmonic (2ω) outputs, the chapter demonstrates that the laser ablated area can be modulated. Chapter 16 reports on the use of three lasers to modify the surface of the allyl-diglycol CR39 polymer in order to fabricate optical waveguides. Chapter 17 presents a new application of laser abla‐ tion for characterization of material ablation resistance by giving examples in ablation-resist‐ ance characterization of ultrahigh temperature ceramics and ceramic matrix composites and provides convincing interpretation of laser ablation behavior and mechanisms. Chapter 18 discusses the use of laser ablation for chemical compositional analysis of materials and ex‐ ploits different methods for normalization of the laser ablation inductively coupled mass

X Preface

spectrometry in order to reduce measurement-related fluctuations.

This publication provides a snapshot of current efforts to extend the use of laser ablation for processing of materials and will be useful for the researchers and students who work in the area of laser and manufacturing. I gratefully acknowledge all chapter authors for their en‐ thusiastic and collaborative contributions, and thanks to Ms. Maja Bozicevic, Publishing

> **Dongfang Yang, PhD** Senior Research Officer

London, Ontario, Canada

Automotive and Surface Transportation National Research Council Canada

Process Manager, for her guidance and support in the preparation of this book.
