**1. Introduction**

### **1.1. Short history of carbon nanomaterials**

During the last three decades multiple types of carbon nanomaterials were discovered: fullerenes in 1985 (Nobel Prize 1996) [1], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991 [2], followed by

single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in 1993 [3] and graphene in 2007 (Nobel Prize 2010) [4]. Due to their physical and chemical properties, carbon nanomaterial applications cover a wide range, from hydrogen storage to medical implantation.
