**5. Conclusions**

Pulsed laser ablation in liquids is a unique physical-chemical method of obtaining nanostructures in colloidal solutions. At the beginning of the process, physical high-energy pulsed laser irradiation stimulates the chain of both physical and chemical processes that lead to the formation of nanoparticles. Careful control of the process allows a large variety of nanostructures to be obtained. This method cannot be considered as the classic top-down approach of nanomaterial synthesis, despite the fact that initially bulk targets are used. As a result of the PLAL process, a plasma cloud of ions and small clusters appears and nanoparticles are formed from it.

The potential use of PLAL for the synthesis of pure nanocolloids for high-tech applications in science, biomedicine and a number of other areas overlap with disadvantages associated with its relatively small productivity. The specific characteristics of nanosecond laser synthesis, including the factors influencing the effectiveness of PLAL; chemical transformations in the liquids; the specificity of nanodispersion characterization, including optical methods; and future areas of such prepared materials application discussed in the chapter using concrete examples are designed to help scientists and professionals who deal with synthesis, characterization and applications of the similar nanocolloids and powders in their studies.
