**2.5. Synthesis of Eu(TMA)(H2O)4**

the oxide layer, followed by distilled water and acetone washing under ultrasound bath for 5

200 Applications of Laser Ablation - Thin Film Deposition, Nanomaterial Synthesis and Surface Modification

The Cd foil was immersed in a Beaker (50 ml) filled with aqueous solution of thiosulfate (5, 7, 9, 12 and 15 mmols ) and thioglycerol (5 mmols) and ablated for 5 min with the second harmonic order light pulse of a Nd:YAG laser. Soon after the ablation starts, the solution changes its color from transparent to yellow as an indicator that the reaction is taking place. Finally, the products were centrifuged and washed several times with acetone and the material was collected for

For the synthesis of magnetic nano– and micro–iron oxide particles, the solid iron targets were ablated immersed in an aqueous solution of basic pH. As a result of the iron ablation, we observed the formation of ions ferrate (VI), α-iron and the unusual form of iron oxides FeO. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the material contained in the plasma plume formed by the laser ablation of an iron target evolves into a medium of high pH and chemically reacts with the solution to form iron oxides. We also examined how the fluency of laser pulses applied

For this experiment, we used Fe plates that were chemically cleaned, washed with water and then subjected to ultrasonic bath in ethanol for 5 min. The ambient liquid used was a solution with a concentration of 1 molar sodium hydroxide in distilled water and measurements indicated that the pH of the solution was 14. The ALAL was performed with three laser beam fluency values, the materials prepared under these conditions were designated as Type1, Type2 and Type3 and **Table 1** shows the synthesis parameters used for the preparation of these samples. All experiments were conducted at a temperature of 293 K and pressure of 1 atm. To minimize the number of variables in the preparation process, the same values for repetition rate of the laser pulses and the height of the liquid layer on the solid target (10 mm) were used, both for the volume to the liquid environment and for the laser ablation time at which the

For the synthesis of the Cu3(BTC)2 MOF, a Cu powder metal (99.5%) was used as a target for the ablation dispersed in a solution of a DMF/H2O (1:1) containing the organic linker benzene 1,3,5, benzene tricarboxilic acid and NaNO3 as a hydroxyl radicals (•OH) precursor. The target

**) Frequency (Hz) Ablation time (min)**

min.

characterization [19].

target has been subjected.

**2.3. Synthesis of magnetic iron compounds**

to solid iron target surface influences the preparation process.

**Sample Solid target Liquid environment Fluency (J/cm2**

**Table 1.** Experimental parameters for ALAL of iron plates.

**2.4. Synthesis of Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)3**

1 Iron (bulk) 20 ml of NaOH 1.0 M 0.5 10 10 2 Iron (bulk) 20 ml of NaOH 1.0 M 2.0 10 10 3 Iron (bulk) 20 ml of NaOH 1.0 M 4.0 10 10 For the synthesis of the microstructured luminescent MOF Eu(TMA)(H2O)4, instead of using metal or metal powder as a target, europium oxide powder (Eu2O3) (99.99%, Sigma Aldrich) was used as a target. In this case, the powder was dispersed in a solution of DMF/H2O (1:1), containing the organic linker Trimesic acid (TMA) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) under a magnetic stirring. As it is shown in **Figure 1**, the target was irradiated for 60 min with the second harmonic (*λ* = 532 nm) of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. It is interesting to notice that as the ablation starts, the solution changes its optical characteristic, with the initial transparent solution becoming milk-like white as the reaction continues and finally a white precipitate occurs. In order to characterize the materials, the products were centrifuged, washed with hot water several times and dried under vacuum. Sample characterization allows us to conclude that the reaction yield is of the order of 70%. Compared with the literature results for different synthesis method we can conclude that it is a good yield [21–23].
