**Author details**

Eva Gesteiro Alejos, Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz\* and Sara Bastida

\*Address all correspondence to: frasan@ucm.es

Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comlutense University, Madrid, Spain

## **References**


[11] Larqué E, Gil-Sánchez A, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Koletko B. Omega 3 fatty acids, gestation and pregnancy outcomes. Br J Nutr. 2012;107:S77–S84.

**Author details**

**References**

Eva Gesteiro Alejos, Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz\*

92 Umbilical Cord Blood Banking for Clinical Application and Regenerative Medicine

\*Address all correspondence to: frasan@ucm.es

Nutr Hosp 2013;28,250–274.

de Farmacia; 2008. p. 1–361.

Farmacia; 2008. p. 1-239-265.

Diabetes Care. 2004;27(Suppl 1):S88–S90.

diabetes mellitus. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38,894–903.

2006;65:97–105.

Introduction

Moore KL, ed. 7a

and Sara Bastida

Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comlutense University, Madrid, Spain

[1] Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Gesterio E, Espárrago Rodilla M, Rodríguez-Bernal B, Bastida S. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy conditions the fetal pancreas development, hormonal status and diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome biomarkers at birth.

[2] Herrera E. Introduction. In: Herrera E, ed. Perinatal biochemistry (Basic and pathological aspects). Madrid: Fundación Ramón Areces, Ceura Ediciones; 1988. p. 11–13.

[3] Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology.

[4] Pascual Leone AM, Medina J. (eds.). Perinatal development: Origin of adult pathologies. Madrid: Fundación Ramón Areces, Instituto de España, Real Academia Nacional

[5] Hales CN, Barker DJP. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty

[6] Barker DJ, Eriksson JG, Forsén T, Osmond C. Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of

[7] Álvarez Escolá C, Escrivá Pons F. Influence of perinatal subnutrition on bet-cell development and insulin action: relationship with adult type 2 diabetes. In: Pascual Leone AM, Medina J. (eds.). Perinatal development: Origin of adult pathologies. Madrid: Fundación Ramón Areces, Instituto de España, Real Academia Nacional de

[8] Langley-Evans SC. Developmental programming of health and disease. Proc Nutr Soc.

[9] American Diabetes Association. Gestational diabetes mellitus (Position statement).

[10] Aerts L, Van Assche FA. Animal evidence for the transgenerational development of

phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia. 1992;35:595–601.

effects and biological basis. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(6):1235–1239.

ed., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Sauders W.B, Co. Ltd; 2003.


[35] Auroux M, Haegel P. Embriology. Practical notebooks. In: Tuchman-Duplesis, H. ed. Adrenal development. Chair of embriology of the Medicine Faculty of Paris. Vol 3, Barcelona: Toray Masson SA; 1970. p. 132-137.

[23] Morgan AE, Mooney KM, Wilkinson SJ, Pickles NA, Mc Auley MT. Cholesterol metabolism: A review of how ageing disrupts the biological mechanisms responsible

[24] Schiffer L, Anderko S, Hannemann F, Eiden-Plach A, Bernhardt R. The CYP11B

[25] Sibernagl S, Despopoulos A, eds. Color Atlas of Physiology. 6th ed. Stuttgart: Thieme;

[26] Nelson DL, Cox MM. In: Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: WH

[27] Purnell JQ, Brandon DD, Isabelle LM, Loriaux DL, Samuels MH. Association of 24-hour cortisol production rates, cortisol-binding globulin, and plasma-free cortisol levels with body composition, leptin levels, and aging in adult men and women. J Clin Endocrinol

[28] Speirs HJ, Seckl JR, Brown RW. Ontogeny of glucocorticoid receptor and 11betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 gene expression identifies potential critical periods of glucocorticoid susceptibility during development. J Endocrinol. 2004;181(1):

[29] van Rossum EF, Koper JW, Huizenga NA, Uitterlinden AG, Janssen JA, Brinkmann AO, Grobbee DE, de Jong FH, van Duyn CM, Pols HA, Lamberts SW. A polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene, which decreases sensitivity to glucocorticoids in vivo, is associated with low insulin and cholesterol levels. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):3128–3134.

[30] Sterling P, Eyer J. Allostasis: a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In: Fisher S, Reason J, eds. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. New York: Wiley; 1998.

[31] Owen D, Andrews MH, Matthews SG. Maternal adversity, glucocorticoids and programming of neuroendocrine function and behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev.

[32] Chrousos GP, Kino T. Glucocorticoid signaling in the cell. Expanding clinical implications to complex human behavioral and somatic disorders. Ann NY Acad Sci.

[33] Holmes MC, Sangra M, French KL, Whittle IR, Paterson J, Mullins JJ, Seckl JR. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 protects the neonatal cerebellum from delete-

[34] Levitt NS, Lindsay RS, Holmes MC, Seckl JR. Dexamethasone in the last week of pregnancy attenuates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and elevates blood pressure in the adult offspring in the rat. Neuroendocrinology.

2005;29(2):209–226. Retraction in: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37(3):548.

rious effects of glucocorticoids. Neuroscience. 2006;137(3):865–873.

for its regulation. Ageing Res Rev. 2016;27:108–124.

94 Umbilical Cord Blood Banking for Clinical Application and Regenerative Medicine

subfamily. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015;151:38–51.

2009.

105–116.

p. 629–649.

2009;1179:153–166.

1996;64(6):412–418.

Freeman and Co. 2013

Metab. 2004;89(1):281–287.


[62] Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Cuesta Lorenzo C, Bastida Codina S, Perea Ramos S, Moya Gómez P. Lipoprotein profile in a sample of term neonates from the Toledo Study. An Esp Pediatr. 1994;40:173–180.

[48] Donahue CP, Kosik KS, Shors TJ. Growth hormone is produced within the hippocampus where it responds to age, sex, and stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(15):

[49] Clemmons DR, Busby WH, Arai T, Nam TJ, Clarke JB, Jones JI, Ankrapp DK. Role of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the control of IGF actions. Prog Growth

[50] Del Prato S, Pulizzi N, Lupi R, Penno G, Miccoli R. Type 2 diabetes: Insulin resistance vs. β-cell defect. In: Serrano Ríos M, Gutiérrez Fuentes JA, eds. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

[51] Bowie MD. Intravenous glucose tolerance in kwashiorkor and marasmus. S Afr Med J.

[52] Kemmitz JW, Roecker EB, Weindruch R, Elson DF, Baum ST, Bergman RN. Dietary restriction increases insulin sensitivity and lowers blood glucose in rhesus monkeys.

[53] Cartee GD, Kietze EW, Briggs-Tung C. Adaptation of muscle glucose transport with caloric restriction in adult, middle-aged and old rats. Am J Physiol.1994;266:R1443–

[54] Rao RH. Diabetes in the undernourished: coincidence or consequence? Endocr Rev.

[55] Snoeck A, Remacle C, Reusens B, Hoett JJ. Effect of low protein diet during pregnancy

[56] Martín MA, Fernández E, Pascual-Lone AM, Escrivá F, Alvarez C. Protein calorie restriction has opposite effects on glucose metabolism and insulin gene expression in

[57] Lorenzo M, Benito M. From insulin action to hormonal resistance. Old to recent molecular mechanisms. In: Serrano Ríos M, Gutiérrez Fuentes JA, eds. Type 2 Diabetes

[58] Santalucía T, Moreno H, Palacin M, Yacoub MH, Brand NJ, Zorzano A. A novel functional co-operation between MyoD, MEF2 and TRalphal is sufficient for the

[59] Gesteiro E, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Insulin resistance markers in term, normo-

[60] Björntorp P. The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans. Int J Obes Relat

[61] O'Sullivan BA, Henderson ST, Davis JM. Gestational diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc.

introduction of GLUT 4 gene transcription. J Mol Biol. 2001;314:195–204.

weight neonates. The Merida cohort. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168:281–288.

fetal and in adult rat endocrine pancreas. Am J Physiol. 2004;286:E542–E550.

on the fetal endocrine pancreas. Biol Neonate. 1990;57:107–118.

Mellitus. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008. p. 105–129.

Metab Disord. 1996;20:291–302.

(Wash). 1998;38:364–371; quiz 372–373.

6031–6036.

1964;38:328–329.

R1447.

1988;9:67–87.

Factor Res. 1995;6:357–366.

Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2009. p. 131–149.

96 Umbilical Cord Blood Banking for Clinical Application and Regenerative Medicine

Am J Physiol. 1994;29:E540–E547.


age three in small-for-gestational-age children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4645– 4649.


**Clinical Applications of Umbilical Cord Blood**

age three in small-for-gestational-age children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4645–

[76] Li J, Saunders JC, Fowden AL, Dauncey MJ, Gilmour RS. Transcriptional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-II gene expression by cortisol in fetal sheep during late

[77] Misra M, Bredella MA, Tsai P, Mendes N, Miller KK, Klibanski A. Lower growth hormone and higher cortisol are associated with greater visceral adiposity, intramyocellular lipids, and insulin resistance in overweight girls. Am J Endocrinol Metab.

[78] Russell M, Bredella M, Tsai P, Mendes N, Millar KK, Klibanski A, Misra M. Relative growth hormone deficiency and cortisol excess are associated with increased cardiovascular risk markers in obese adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009:94:2864–

[79] Yakar S, Kim H, Zhao H,·Toyoshima Y, Pennisi P, Gavrilova O,·LeRoith D. The growth hormone-insulin like growth factor axis revisited: lessons from IGF-1 and IGF-1

receptor gene targeting. Pediatr Nephrol. 2005;20:251–254.

gestation. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:10586–10593.

98 Umbilical Cord Blood Banking for Clinical Application and Regenerative Medicine

4649.

2871.

2008;295:E385–E392.

**Provisional chapter**
