**Author details**

Andreas Giannopoulos1 and Anastasios G. Kriebardis2\*

\*Address all correspondence to: akrieb@biol.uoa.gr; akrieb@teiath.gr

1 Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Greece

2 Laboratory of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological and Educational Institute of Athens, Greece

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1 Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Greece

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### **Hypercortisolaemia and Hyperinsulinaemia Interaction and their Impact upon Insulin Resistance/Sensitivity Markers at Birth Hypercortisolaemia and Hyperinsulinaemia Interaction and their Impact upon Insulin Resistance/Sensitivity Markers at Birth**

Eva Gesteiro Alejos, Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz and Sara Bastida Sara Bastida Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Eva Gesteiro Alejos, Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz and

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64946

#### **Abstract**

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associations. Nucleic Acids Research. 2014.

68 Umbilical Cord Blood Banking for Clinical Application and Regenerative Medicine

issue):W173–W5.

Information on insulin resistance/sensitivity in term-normoweight neonates is scarce. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and pancreas are implicated in several aspects of foetal maturation and programming. This study aims to analyse the effects of a combination of hyperinsulinaemia *plus* hypercortisolaemia in such neonates together with their mothers℉ gestational glucose tolerance on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF)-1, glucose, and insulin resistance/sensitivity markers [homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)/quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)] at birth. Furthermore, the importance of pregnancy diet quality on these markers is discussed. In a selected group of 187 term-normoweight non-distressed neonates, about 9% had increased insulin and cortisol cord-blood concentrations. In spite of normality criteria applied, the combination of hypercortisolaemia and hyperinsulinaemia at birth was associated with higher body weight, body length, glucose, HOMA-IR, GH, IGF-1 and glucose/insulin ratio values than those of neonates presenting low/normal concentrations of insulin and cortisol. Hyperinsulinaemia preferentially to hypercortisolaemia affected the markers studied. Impaired glucose tolerance prevalence was higher in mothers whose neonates were hyperinsulinaemic at birth. The hyperinsulinaemic plus hypercortisolaemic status was more prevalent in neonates whose mothers had poor Mediterranean diet adherence. Results show the importance of analysing insulin and cortisol in cord-blood even in termnormoweight neonates.

**Keywords:** neonates, term, normoweight, insulin, cortisol, growth, HOMA, insulin resistance/sensitivity, maternal impaired glucose tolerance

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
