2. Cryopreservation

The process of cryopreservation preserves structurally intact living cells and tissues by cooling them to very low temperatures [17]. Cryopreservation is one of the most effective methods for the long-term conservation of plant germplasm at ultra-low temperatures (–196°C) because through it, the vitality of cells is preserved despite the cessation of almost all of their biological activities [8, 9]. During cryopreservation, degradation or somatic mutation phenomenon rarely occurs [4, 8, 9, 18, 19].

The advantages of cryopreservation are as follows:

