**Acknowledgements**

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Develop‐ ment of the Republic of Serbia (Project III43009).

#### **Author details**

Ivana Smičiklas\* and Marija Šljivić‐Ivanović

\*Address all correspondence to: ivanat@vinca.rs

Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

#### **References**


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the radionuclide, and the effects of the extracting solution to other important soil characteris‐ tics. Analyzing the contamination level, the size and the properties of contaminated area, *in situ* soil immobilization may prove to be more suitable solution which permanently increases sorption capacity of the soil. The use of mineral‐based amendments as soil remediation additives should be as much as possible substituted by appropriate waste materials and by‐ products, which environmental compatibility, selectivity, and long‐term effectiveness, must be verified on a variety of soil types. Immobilization technologies may be particularly useful if applied in combination with conventional *ex situ* (soil removal, chemical extraction) or *in situ* technologies (bioremediation, phytoremediation, reactive barriers, capping, monitored

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Develop‐

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**Environmental Role of Earthworm (***Lumbricidae***) in Formation of Soil Buffering Capacity Against Copper Contamination in Remediated Soil, Steppe Zone of Ukraine Environmental Role of Earthworm (***Lumbricidae***) in Formation of Soil Buffering Capacity Against Copper Contamination in Remediated Soil, Steppe Zone of Ukraine**

Loza Iryna, Kul'bachko Yurii, Didur Oleg and Kryuchkova Angelina Loza Iryna, Kul'bachko Yurii, Didur Oleg and Kryuchkova Angelina

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64722

#### **Abstract**

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The study allowed effect of earthworm casting activities on soil buffering against copper compounds within the territory remediated after coal mining (Western Donbass, Ukraine). Assay of copper immobilization/mobilization was performed in earthworm casts (excretions) and artificial remediated soil. Efficiency of immobilization in the casts (humus-free and humic variants) was more (23 and 43%, respectively) than efficiency of immobilization in the initial soil: loess-like loam and chernozem (19.9 and 40.1%, respectively). Thus, earthworm ecoservice activity changed positively environmental conditions of remediated soil and naturalization of artificial edaphotopes within remediated lands in steppe zone. Environmental quality of remediated soil enriched in earthworm casts was confirmed to be improved.

**Keywords:** contaminated soil, earthworm vital activity, remediated soil, buffering capacity, copper contamination, sustainable development
