**1. Introduction**

Drug and gene delivery system include organic, inorganic, polymeric and lipid-based nanobiomaterials. Binding of the nanobiomaterials to the receptors to target cells/tissues can be improved by surface modification. This surface modification may increase solubility, immune compatibility, and cellular uptake.

Various nano drug delivery systems include nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanotubes, nanogels, and dendrimers. They can be used to deliver both small molecule drugs and various classes of biomacromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, plasmid DNA, and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. Antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are shown as promise one in gene delivery and good therapeutic agents, but it can be used directly due to their limitations such as sequence size, length, charge, half-life, or stability in solutions [1].

Various diseases are occurred in human beings due to mutations or deletions in genes lead to metabolic pathway disorder, regulation of cell cycle, protein function and its structure, function of receptor, and cell skeleton [2]. This can be treated effectively through gene delivery system. Gene delivery is a term used when referring to the delivery of genetic material such as DNA plasmids, RNA, and siRNA into target cells either encapsulated inside or conjugated to the NPs to express or suppress the biosynthesis of proteins (also called transfection) to treat or cure many diseases [3–10].
