**5.4. Endophthalmitis**

Endophthalmitis is a condition when all the internal structures of the eye are invaded with replicating microorganisms and associated with an important inflammatory re‐ sponse.

Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is a rare pathology that affects individuals of any age and represents 2–15% of all cases. Endocarditis is the second more frequent cause of endoge‐ nous endophthalmitis after meningitis.

The rate of endophthalmitis can raise 50% with endocarditis to *S. aureus*. The right eye is generally more affected than the left eye.

The onset of the signs and symptoms depends on the pathogenic virulence. Typically, patient presents pain, chemosis, proptosis, hypopyon, and corneal melting.

Blood culture findings are positive in more than 90% of infective endocarditis cases. The most common etiological germ is *Streptococcus* 45.7% and the valvular was affected in 27.2% of the episodes. Systemic therapy may be sufficient when the vitreous cavity is not greatly involved. In the other cases, antibiotic intravitreal injections and vitrectomy are necessary [5, 8–11].

#### **5.5. Choroidal neovascularization**

Subretinal neovascularization secondary to choroidal septic metastasis was reported in two cases. Neovascularization occurs in choroidal scars with variable delay (10 months and 5 years) [12].
