**4.9. Other microorganisms**

*Streptococcus viridans* is currently considered to be the second cause of IE after *S. aureus*. Other pathogens such as *Enterococci* occupy the third place. The relevance of the latter is that its incidence has been increasing, plus it is more associated with nosocomial infection compared with *Streptococcus*. These pathogens if presented in prosthetic valves are more likely to cause intracardiac abscesses and less likely to have detectable vegetations on echocardiography than those presented in IE in native valves [1].
