**1. Introduction: the need for new and affordable power converters**

The novelties in solar cell (SC) technology may be attracting the widest human attention in the world due to its significance on its effectiveness on electricity production from free and abundant sunlight [1–3]. Namely, petroleum is the main source of energy in the world by a percentage of 40, where most ofthe petroleum is produced just by a few oil exporting countries. The other countries are the consumers. They exist with increasing petroleum dependency, which means that the most of the countries rely on exporters. Unfortunately, the petroleum consumption accelerates quickly because of energy needs due to expanding industrial zones. It is expected to grow further unless an affordable novel clean energy technology becomes available.

To make a continuous delivery of the energy by means of an environmentally friendly manner, it is mandatory for governments to make immediate precautions against fuel consumption, particularly by strictly improving their alternative energy themes. Among a variety of energy sources, electricity is known as "clean energy". The best quality of electricity is its ease of transformation in other energy forms; thereby, it is crucial for the human society. Accordingly, half of the energy consumption is made by electricity using machinery, for that, conversion of energy into electric energy from other resources is related to fuel saving. This property directed countries to invest on renewable energy transformers (e.g., Germany has already announced that much of the country's consumption is fulfilled through renewables). Hence, many researchers from various institutions worldwide developed new types of alternative energy conversion devices in order to condense their capability more and more. Among them, SCs are the most promising devices since sun energy is accepted to be almost infinite for human needs.

Many new types of SCs in photovoltaic (PV) panels are used in new existing investments for meeting the residential and commercial energy needs. Maximizing efficiency is a must to satisfy those huge consumption needs. Hence, a majority of the investments obliged to use silicon‐based PV panels, which have high conversion rates. Whereas for their production processes, we need to use huge amount of water and energy and to release lots of pollutants to the environment as well. At this point, organic solar cell (OSC) technology attracts attention especially for the utilization of environmentally friendly production procedures. By means of this favorable property, in the last two decades, many new usages of organic materials in electric energy producing devices are proposed and applied. These novel devices are basically expected to satisfy low cost criteria and high efficiency; thereby, recent SC researches are especially shaped around these related topics.

Among SCs, many efficient types of organic materials and devices are present today. For example, commercial dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are in the marketplace for a decade. However, this type of SCs is weak for its possible leaking in electrolyte liquid and imperfect encapsulation. The consistent and cutting‐edge studies on this challenge give the fruit of a DSSC like but a novel SC: named, Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC). Relatedly, this chapter mainly deals with the main issues of PSC, i.e., its ideal phenomena, device structure, materials, and manufacturing challenges [4–17].
